Stimulants Yang Flashcards
what regulates arousal, sleep-wake transitions, and EEG synchronization
reticular activating system (RAS)
causes of ADHD
genetics
low birth weight
fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
ADHD implicated systems
dopamine transporter
COMT
choinergic receptors
cholesterol metabolism
ADHD patient have a _____ total brain volume
reduced
diagnosis of ADHD
6 symptoms
2 or more locations
parent, teacher, doctor
INTERFERES WITH FUNCTIONING AND DEVELOPMENT
circuity mechanism of ADHD
medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) not fully functional
methylxanthines are _____ of sympathetic nervous system
agonists
which drug is a methylxanthine
caffeine
methylxanthines MOA
antagonize adenosine
inhibit PDEs, increase cAMP
increase activity ryanodine receptors and increase Ca
A1 adenosine receptor is ____ linked which does what
Gi, inhibitory modulation of many neurotransmitters
adenosine A1 receptors cause what
sedation, anxiolysis, anticonvulsant activity, decrease HR
adenosine A2 recptors are ____ linked and located where
Gs, pre and post synaptic
A2 receptors cause what
vasodilation
A2B receptors are _____ linked and found where and do what
Gs , glial cells, function unknown
A3 receptors are ____ linked, located ____ and activated when
Gq, hippocampus and thalamus
only activated in states of catabolism (seizure, hypoglycemia, stroke)
which receptors are not antagonized by methylxanthines
A3
methylxanthines adverse effects
increased alertness
decreased fatigue
indirect acting sympathomimetics transporters
NET - NE transrporter/reuptake
VMAT - vesicular monoamine transporter
what causes potential for abuse
reward pathways
monoamines for transport
dopamine, NE, serotonin
indirect acting sympathomimetics
cocaine
amphetamines
cocaine is used as a
local anesthetic
cocaine MOA
inhibit monoamine transporters (NE, serotonin, dopamine)
amphetamines MOA
non-selective activation of monoamines
inhibition of VMAT
MDMA selectivity and use
selective for 5HT
psychedelic revival - more social
are amphetamines rewarding
yes abuse potential
atomoxetine MOA
NET inhibitor
is modafinil approved for ADHD
no`
