Stimulants Yang

Question 1

what regulates arousal, sleep-wake transitions, and EEG synchronization

Answer 1

reticular activating system (RAS)

Question 2

causes of ADHD

Answer 2

genetics
low birth weight
fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Question 3

ADHD implicated systems

Answer 3

dopamine transporter
COMT
choinergic receptors
cholesterol metabolism

Question 4

ADHD patient have a _____ total brain volume

Answer 4

reduced

Question 5

diagnosis of ADHD

Answer 5

6 symptoms
2 or more locations
parent, teacher, doctor
INTERFERES WITH FUNCTIONING AND DEVELOPMENT

Question 6

circuity mechanism of ADHD

Answer 6

medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) not fully functional

Question 7

methylxanthines are _____ of sympathetic nervous system

Answer 7

agonists

Question 8

which drug is a methylxanthine

Answer 8

caffeine

Question 9

methylxanthines MOA

Answer 9

antagonize adenosine
inhibit PDEs, increase cAMP
increase activity ryanodine receptors and increase Ca

Question 10

A1 adenosine receptor is ____ linked which does what

Answer 10

Gi, inhibitory modulation of many neurotransmitters

Question 11

adenosine A1 receptors cause what

Answer 11

sedation, anxiolysis, anticonvulsant activity, decrease HR

Question 12

adenosine A2 recptors are ____ linked and located where

Answer 12

Gs, pre and post synaptic

Question 13

A2 receptors cause what

Answer 13

vasodilation

Question 14

A2B receptors are _____ linked and found where and do what

Answer 14

Gs , glial cells, function unknown

Question 15

A3 receptors are ____ linked, located ____ and activated when

Answer 15

Gq, hippocampus and thalamus
only activated in states of catabolism (seizure, hypoglycemia, stroke)

Question 16

which receptors are not antagonized by methylxanthines

Answer 16

A3

Question 17

methylxanthines adverse effects

Answer 17

increased alertness
decreased fatigue

Question 18

indirect acting sympathomimetics transporters

Answer 18

NET - NE transrporter/reuptake
VMAT - vesicular monoamine transporter

Question 19

what causes potential for abuse

Answer 19

reward pathways

Question 20

monoamines for transport

Answer 20

dopamine, NE, serotonin

Question 21

indirect acting sympathomimetics

Answer 21

cocaine
amphetamines

Question 22

cocaine is used as a

Answer 22

local anesthetic

Question 23

cocaine MOA

Answer 23

inhibit monoamine transporters (NE, serotonin, dopamine)

Question 24

amphetamines MOA

Answer 24

non-selective activation of monoamines
inhibition of VMAT

Question 25

MDMA selectivity and use

Answer 25

selective for 5HT
psychedelic revival - more social

Question 26

are amphetamines rewarding

Answer 26

yes abuse potential

Question 27

atomoxetine MOA

Answer 27

NET inhibitor

Question 28

is modafinil approved for ADHD

Answer 28

no`