Y11 Mocks Revision

Question 1

Describe 4 differences between a bacterial cell and a plant cell: (4)

Plant cells have ___________.
Plant cells have ______________.
Bacterial cells do not have _____ inside a _______.
Bacterial cells have _________.

Answer 1

chloroplasts
mitochondria
DNA
nucleus

Question 2

Describe how a vaccine may work to prevent gonorrhea: (4)
By injecting a small amount of the ______________________ into the body.

____________________ are stimulated by _____________ to produce antibodies. So the correct antibodies are made ____________.

Then, the pathogens are killed so they do not __________________________________ to produce ________.

Answer 2

inactive pathogen
white blood cells
memory cells
very quickly
produce a large enough population
toxins

Question 3

How can vaccinating chickens reduce the number of cases of salmonella food poisoning? (2)

Answer 3

There are fewer bacteria in the chicken and eggs.
So fewer bacteria is ingested by humans.

Question 4

Cases of salmonella food poisoning are usually higher in summer than winter because of the __________________ so bacteria can reproduce quicker. (1)

Answer 4

warmer weather

Question 5

You can control the spread of salmonella food poisoning from one human to another by: (1)

Answer 5

Washing hands before preparing food.

Question 6

Why was the data in the graph given per 100 000 of the population and not the number of people? (1)

Answer 6

To control for different population sizes.

Question 7

Scientists are developing an antibiotic for gonorrhoea.

Why did the scientists recommend a concentration of 5mg/dm3 (not 1mg/dm3 or 20 mg/dm3)?
(2)

Answer 7

1. Because it was less likely to have side effects than larger concentrations.
2. It was most successful at killing bacteria at a lower concentration.

Question 8

(Part 1 of 6 mark question)
What is phase 1 of clinical testing?

Answer 8

Phase 1 clinical testing-
Tested on healthy volunteers using low doses.
To test for side effects and toxicity.

Question 9

(Part 2 of 6 mark question)
What is phase 2 & 3 of clinical testing?

Answer 9

Phases 2 & 3 of clinical testing-
Tested on patients by giving a placebo in a double blind trial.
To test for efficacy and to determine the correct dose.

Question 10

(Part 3 of 6 mark question)
What is the final stage of clinical testing?

Answer 10

Prior to licensing-
There is analysis of results and peer review.
To check if the results are valid and to avoid bias.

Question 11

What is the correct order for blood flowing from the heart to the lungs? (1)

Answer 11

Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary vein.