Resistant Bacteria/ Viral Infections

Question 1

Why can bacteria evolve quickly?

Answer 1

Because they reproduce at a fast rate.

Question 2

Which part of the vaccine stimulates the body’s defence system? (2)

The __________ stimulates _______________ to produce antibodies.

The _______________ may develop into _________________ to recognise the pathogen.

Answer 2

antigen
lymphocytes

lymphocytes
memory cells

Question 3

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 3

White blood cells that detect antigens on pathogens and produce antibodies.

Question 4

It is important that the man does not stop taking the antibiotics after a few days.
Explain why. (2)

Answer 4

Live bacteria is still in the body.

If the antibiotics aren’t taken, the bacteria would reproduce.

Question 5

A person has been vaccinated against measles. The person comes in contact with the measles pathogen. The person does not catch measles.
Explain why. (3)

Answer 5

White blood cells produce antibodies.

Antibodies are produced quickly.

These antibodies destroy the pathogen.

Question 6

1. A ______________ occurs in the bacteria cells
   The ________ causes the bacteria to become antibiotic ________.

Bacteria without the mutation ___ when the _________________.

Answer 6

random mutation
mutation
resistant
die
antibiotic is present

Question 7

Antibiotic resistant bacteria ________________ due to less competition with non-resistant bacteria strains.

The gene for antibiotic resistance is ________________.

Over generations, a ______________ of bacteria becomes antibiotic resistant because they are ___________ for their environment.

Answer 7

survive and replicate
passed onto offspring
whole population
best suited

Question 8

Which structure in a cell carries the genes?

Answer 8

Chromosomes.

Question 9

Which part of the vaccine stimulates the body’s defence system?

Answer 9

Inactive pathogen.

Question 10

Occasionally a new, resistant strain of a pathogen appears.
The new strain may spread rapidly.

Antibiotics are __________,
so bacteria can __________.
Leading to the _________________________________.

Answer 10

ineffective
reproduce
increase in the population of resistant pathogens.

Question 11

Why does the numbers of male Blue-moon butterflies in the population increased quickly after the new form of the gene had appeared. (4)

Answer 11

A random gene mutation occurs.

Individuals with the advantage survive and breed.

So the mutated gene is passed onto offspring.

Question 12

Amauris has a foul taste which birds do not like, so birds have learned not to prey on it.
Hypolimnas does not have a foul taste but most birds do not prey on it.
Explain why. (2)

Answer 12

Wing pattern is similar to Amauris.
So birds will assume it will have foul taste.