Adaptation of cells Flashcards
What is the function of alveoli?
Where the lungs exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen for the process of breathing in and out.
Why do alveoli have a large surface area?
Large surface area to increase rate of diffusion.
Why do alveoli have 1 cell thick walls?
1 cell thick walls to decrease distance of diffusion.
Why are alveoli covered in capillaries?
So the gas exchange can take place between alveoli’s membrane and capillaries. Allows oxygen to diffuse into the blood and for carbon dioxide to move out.
Why are alveoli very moist?
Oxygen can dissolve into the moisture, helping them to move across the gas exchange surface.
What is the function of an epithelial cell?
Cells that lines the surface of your body. Protects and absorbs molecules.
What is the function of cilia in epithelial cells?
Hair-like adaptation that sweeps entire cells along the outer surface of the cell. Increased surface area covered in mucus to transport more molecules.
What is the function of pacemaker cells?
To create rhythmic impulses and creates the pace for blood pumping.
What is the function of root hair cells?
Absorbs water and mineral ions through osmosis and transports them through plant using active transport.
What are the adaptations of root hair cells?
Large surface area to increase rate of diffusion.
Lots of mitochondria to provide energy for active transport.
How do nodules in roots benefit the plant with nitrate ions?
The plant obtains the nitrate ions needed to make amino acids.
How do nodules in roots benefit bacteria living on the tissue?
The bacteria obtain glucose needed from the plant for respiration.
What are the adaptations of villi for these functions?
- Decrease the distance of diffusion.
- Absorb more fatty acids/glycerol efficiently.
- Provide energy for active transport to carry sugar across the membrane.
Thin wall
Large surface area
Packed with mitochondria
