Clinical trials And Human Defence Systems Flashcards
What happens to additional energy ingested by food when exercising?
Additional energy from ingesting food is burned off and balanced out during exercise.
What happens if you consume more energy than burning energy in exercising less regularly?
Fatty deposits will accumulate around the artery walls.
Narrowing them.
This will restrict blood flow and oxygen.
What are the 2 side-effects you have an increased chance of getting if you exercise less regularly and eat more food?
Stroke or coronary heart disease.
What happens to the breathing rate/volume during rigorous exercise?
Breathing rate and volume of each breath increases to bring more oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide.
What happens to the heart during rigorous exercise?
The heart rate increases to pump more oxygen around the body and remove carbon dioxide.
Why do muscles respire anaerobically during anaerobic exercise?
The heart and the muscles cannot supply sufficient oxygen.
What is produced by anaerobic respiration during rigorous exercise?
Lactic acid is produced from glucose.
The more you respire anaerobically, the more lactic acid builds up. This produces oxygen debt.
What are the effects of oxygen debt from rigorous exercise?
The body suffers from muscle fatigue because the body stores of glycogen are low.
Muscles continue to contract. But less efficiently.
What are the effects of inserting a small amount of inactive pathogen in a vaccination?
This causes white blood cells to produce complimentary antibodies.
They target and attach to the pathogen.
What happens in clinical trials?
When two groups: the test group and control group receive different drugs.
Which group in a clinical trial receives a placebo?
The control group receives the placebo.
What are the costs of Drug C used to treat AMD in the UK?
Drug C is cost efficient. It is less expensive than the others.
What are the safety concerns of Drug C used to treat AMD in the UK?
It may be toxic. May have harmful side effects.
What are the dosage concerns of Drug C used to treat AMD in the UK?
Must be closely controlled. If the dose is too high, it may be toxic for the patient.
What is the efficacy concern of Drug C used to treat AMD in the UK?
May not be as effective as the other drugs.
It may not improve symptoms as greatly.
