DNA & the genome

Question 1

What is DNA made of?

Answer 1

Two strands that form a double helix.

Question 2

What is a chromosome?

Answer 2

A structure made of DNA that codes for all characteristics of an organism.

Question 3

Human body cells have ___________ of chromosomes in the nucleus.

Answer 3

23 pairs

Question 4

Chromosomes are made up of _____________.

Answer 4

many genes

Question 5

What is a gene?

Answer 5

A small section of DNA in a chromosome.

Question 6

Each gene codes for a particular_______________________ in order to make a ___________________.

Answer 6

sequence of amino acids
specific protein

Question 7

What is a genome?

Answer 7

All genetic material in an organism.

Question 8

What are the two base pairs?

Answer 8

Thymine - Adenine (T-A)
Guanine - Cytosine (G-C)

Question 9

What is the phenotype?

Answer 9

The visible characteristic of an organism due to its genes.

Question 10

What is the genotype?

Answer 10

Alleles an organism has for a particular characteristic.

Question 11

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 11

The units in which DNA is composed.

Question 12

What is the backbone of the double helix made of?

Answer 12

Sugar-phosphate.

Question 13

Extracting DNA from fruit practical:

1. Peel the skin from a kiwi fruit and ______________.
2. Mix a teaspoon of _____ and small volume of ____________________ into the fruit.
3. Gently heat the mixture at ___°C for five minutes.
   Filter the mixture.
4. Cool using an ___________ and pour ______________ onto the top of the filtrate.

You will see strands of _____ with ___________ between the filtrate and the chilled ethanol.

Answer 13

mash it up
salt
washing up liquid
60
ice bath
chilled ethanol
DNA
bubbles