Genetic modification Flashcards
What is the technique when genes are transferred from one organism into the cells of another organism?
Genetic modification.
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using genetic modification to produce crop plants such as frost-resistant tomatoes.
Increased yield, so there is a longer growing period.
But the gene could be passed onto wild plants.
And there could be adverse effects on the gene pool.
Apart from having the herbicide-resistance gene, the herbicide-resistant plants are identical to the herbicide-susceptible plants.
Explain why.
Because they are produced from asexual reproduction.
So all cells have the same genetic information.
How is a herbicide-resistance gene cut out of its structure?
By restriction enzymes.
Suggest one advantage to a farmer of growing herbicide-resistant crops.
Can spray crop with herbicide because only the weeds are killed.
Describe how cotton plants can be genetically engineered to produce the Bt poison. (3)
Gene for the Bt poison is cut from the bacterial DNA using enzymes.
And then transferred to cotton plant cells.
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of growing Bt cotton.
(4)
Increased yield as it is eaten less by insects.
Fewer pesticides need to be used.
May also kill useful insects.
The gene could be passed on to wild plants.
- ___________ are used to _________ the required gene.
Enzymes
isolate
- The _______ is inserted into a _________.
gene
vector
- The _____ is used to insert the gene into the _______________ of the ______________________.
vector
required cells
target organism
- The ____________ are transferred to the ______ of the organism at the __________________ of their development to develop their _______________________.
genes
transferred
cells
early stage
desired characteristics
What are vectors? (And give 2 examples).
Something that’s used to transfer DNA into a cell (plasmids and viruses)
