XXV. Questions (650-700) Flashcards by Catherine Themis

A rock mass consisting of many alternating layers of igneous and sedimentary rocks in a sill relationship. a. Stromatolith b. Pseudo-sill c. Rythmith d. Malignite

b. Pseudo-sill

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A replacement process whereby the elements of a rock are exchanged with those of a magmatic fluid a. Recrystallization b. Metamorphism c. Mineralization d. Ionic replacement e. Metasomatism

e. Metasomatism

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A rock that can be said to be of low metamorphic grade is one that, by definition: a. Was formed very deep within the Earth’s crust b. Has been altered only slightly from its original form c. Has been altered greatly d. Formed by local conditions

b. Has been altered only slightly from its original form

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A ridge formed by slower erosion of hard strata, but having two steep, equally inclined slopes a. Hogback b. Cuesta c. Mesa d. Monadnoc

a. Hogback

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A relatively dense water (due to suspended sediments) which moves along the bottom of a body of standing water is a/an _________ current a. Drift b. Tidal c. Rip d. Turbidity e. Ocean

d. Turbidity

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A rise in base level for a stream will produce: a. Erosion b. Deposition c. No change d. A graded stream

b. Deposition

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A reverse fault is one where: a. The hanging wall is displaced upward b. The footwall is displaced upward c. The dip of the fault plane is vertical d. There is no displacement e. The footwall moves to the right

a. The hanging wall is displaced upward

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A rock that melts due to extreme heat and pressure, then cools and solidifies, is called: a. Igneous b. Metamorphic c. Cataclastic d. Rejuvenated

a. Igneous

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A rock sample that shows an unconfined compressive strength of 1125-2250 kg/cm² is described as: a. Very stiff b. Stiff c. High strength d. Yielding

c. High strength

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A rock or sediment that stores but does not transmit a significant amount of water is called an: a. Aquifer b. Aquiclude c. Aquitard

b. Aquiclude

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A rock or sediment that stores and transmits water, but not enough to be economic is called an: a. Aquifer b. Aquiclude c. Aquitard

c. Aquitard

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A rock or sediment that both stores and transmits a significant amount of water is called an: a. Aquifer b. Aquiclude c. Aquitard

a. Aquifer

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A ring-shaped reef enclosing a lagoon. a. Fringing b. Atoll c. Barrier d. Bioherm

b. Atoll

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A right-stepping left-lateral fault system induces a ______________ tectonic regime. a. Transtensional b. Transpressional c. Compressional d. Extensional e. Nota

a. Transtensional

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A recumbent-syncline fold may be determined by observing: a. Its concave upwards b. Its limbs dip towards the axial plane c. Younger beds in the center of the fold d. Cannot be determined

c. Younger beds in the center of the fold

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A region in isostatic balance gives a uniform gravity reading. True or False?

True

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A rock unit or geologic formation through which inappreciable quantity of water moves or is transmitted is called: a. Aquifer b. Aquitard c. Aquifuge d. Aquiclude e. None of the above

c. Aquifuge

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A rock that forms from fossilized remains of plants and animals: a. Petrified wood b. Fossilized c. Chemical sedimentary rock d. Metamorphic

b. Fossilized

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A reserve division on which sufficient technical and economic studies have been carried out to demonstrate that it can justify extraction and under specified economic conditions: a. Inferred reserves b. Geological reserves c. Indicated reserve d. Proven or reserve

d. Proven or reserve

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A rock unit having low permeability that can slowly store and transmit groundwater from one aquifer to another is called: a. Aquiclude b. Aquitard c. Aquifer d. Aquifuge

b. Aquitard

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A ridge of till down the center of a glacier is called a(n): a. Lateral moraine b. End moraine c. Medial moraine d. Drumlin e. Esker

c. Medial moraine

A rock formed by the processes of solid-state recrystallization of pre-existing rock is called: a. Igneous b. Metamorphic c. Hydrothermal d. Sedimentary e. Limestone

b. Metamorphic

A rock formed by the processes of melting followed by cooling and crystallization is called: a. Igneous b. Metamorphic c. Hydrothermal d. Sedimentary e. Limestone

a. Igneous

A replica of the surface when a film of carbon is lost from a fossil preserved in a fine-grained sediment: a. Impression b. Replacement c. Carbonization d. Mold and cast

a. Impression

A region in which a number of oil pools and gas pools occur in a similar or related geologic environment: a. Pool b. Field c. Province d. Trap

c. Province

A sedimentary structure left by a living organism, both fossil and living, is known as? a. Cryptozoan b. Lebensspur c. Zoophyte d. Paleophyte

b. Lebensspur

A rudite composed of poorly sorted, mud to gravel-size sediment, commonly with angular clasts is called: a. Paraconglomerate b. Breccias c. Diamictite d. Orthoconglomerate e. None of the above

c. Diamictite

A sedimentary rock that you would expect to be created from silts and clays that settled out in deep, still water would be a. Andesite b. Shale c. Limestone d. Conglomerate e. Coal

b. Shale

A seismic gap is a. The time difference between seismic wave arrivals b. Distance from seismometer to earthquake location c. A segment of a fault that hasn't moved recently

c. A segment of a fault that hasn't moved recently

A sedimentary rock with essentially no minerals, derived from plant matter that accumulated under non-oxidizing conditions, is: a. Chert b. Coal c. Limestone d. Flint e. Shale f. Gypsum

b. Coal

A scientist measures the amount 238U and 206Pb in a mineral and found that only ¼ as much U remains. How old is the mineral? a. 4.5 b.y. b. 2.25 b.y. c. 9 b.y.

b. 2.25 b.y.

A sand dune with an open end facing upwind, usually stabilized by vegetation, is: a. Transverse dunes b. Parabolic dunes c. Star dunes d. Linear dunes

b. Parabolic dunes

A sandstone that is well-sorted is one in which: a. All grains are same mineral b. Grains are many different minerals c. All grains are same size d. Grains are different sizes

c. All grains are same size

A rock which has high percentage of pore space has high: a. Permeability b. Porosity c. Capillarity d. Moisture content e. Density

b. Porosity

A sedimentary rock composed of rounded gravel particles is: a. Breccia b. Sandstone c. Particle stone d. Gravelstone e. Conglomerate

e. Conglomerate

A sedimentary rock composed of angular sand particles is: a. Sandstone b. Conglomerate c. Breccia d. Siltstone e. Soapstone

c. Breccia

A sedimentary rock composed of clay-sized particles is called: a. Siltstone b. Shale c. Breccia d. Diatomaceous earth e. None of these

b. Shale

A rock with a density five times greater than water would have a density of: a. 5 g/cm³ b. 5 kg c. 500 g/cm³ d. 500 kg e. Water has no density

a. 5 g/cm³

A sedimentary feature/structure that does not indicate the tops and bottoms of bed is: a. Reduction spots b. Graded bedding c. Flute casts d. Flaser bedding

a. Reduction spots

A schist most commonly metamorphosed from: a. Sandstone b. Basalt c. Shale d. Limestone

c. Shale

A seismic gap is: a. Stable part of Earth's crust b. Period of time with no earthquakes c. A place in seismic belt with few earthquakes

c. A place in seismic belt with few earthquakes

A seismogram is: a. A device for measuring earthquake waves b. The traces produced by the device c. The curves that allow triangulation

b. The traces produced by the device

A sedimentary environment consisting of graded deposits, clay, organic debris, and brackish water organisms is called: a. Alluvial fan b. Outwash plain c. Eolian sands d. Lahar channel e. Delta

e. Delta

A sand deposit extending into the mouth of a bay is a: a. Sea stack b. Marine terrace c. Headland d. Spit e. Bern

d. Spit

A sand peninsula formed by longshore drift of sand extending into the ocean or bay is called: a. Spit b. Bay-mouth bar c. Bar island d. Breakwater e. Jetty

b. Bay-mouth bar

A seismically and volcanically active mountain range that extends continuously through the major ocean basins for more than 64,000 km is called:

Mid-ocean ridge

A sedimentary rock composed of rounded sand-, pebble-, and cobble-sized particles is a: a. Sandstone b. Breccia c. Conglomerate d. Cobblestone e. Shale

c. Conglomerate

A sedimentary rock formed when glacial till becomes lithified is: a. Calcilithite b. Phyllarenite c. Tillite d. None of the above

c. Tillite

A seismic ray path labelled SKS: a. Has travelled through the mantle b. Has travelled off the outer core c. Has penetrated the inner core d. Has reflected off the crust

c. Has penetrated the inner core

A sedimentary rock formed from fossilized plant matter is: a. Petrified wood b. Fossilized rock c. Coal d. Peat

c. Coal