VIII. Question (201-225) Flashcards
_____ are elements which tend to sink into the core because they dissolve readily in iron either as solid solutions or in the molten state.
A. lithophiles
B. chalcophiles
C. siderophiles
D. atmophiles
C. siderophiles
Siderophile elements are those that have an affinity for iron and tend to sink into the Earth’s core because they dissolve readily in iron, either in solid solutions or in the molten state.
_____ drainage pattern characterizes joints/and or faults at right angles.
(a) Parallel
(b) Trellis
(c) Rectangular
_____ is a concordant pluton that has domed up strata into which it is intruded.
a. Phacolith
b. Lopolith
c. Laccolith
d. Sill
e. B and C
c. Laccolith
_____ involves transfer of heat by the physical movement of the material.
a. Conduction
b. Convection
c. Metamorphism
d. All of the above
b. Convection
_____ is a depositional feature formed when streams deposit their load as they enter a body or water as lake or sea.
a. Levee
b. Lagoon
c. Floodplain
d. Delta
e. Point bar
d. Delta
_____ is a type of chemical bonding which involves the sharing of electrons between two nonmetals that have similar electronegativities.
A. covalent bond
B. ionic bond
C. Van der Waals bond
D. James bond
A. covalent bond
A covalent bond is a type of chemical bonding where two nonmetals share electrons to achieve a full valence shell. This typically occurs between atoms with similar electronegativities.
_____ is called the “father” of geology.
a. John Butler
b. Art Smith
c. James Hutton
d. Alfred Wegener
c. James Hutton
_____ is debris dislodged by weathering of steep slopes which accumulate at the base in a conical, fan shape.
A. alluvial fan
B. bajada
C. talus
D. delta
C. talus
Talus is a pile of rock debris that accumulates at the base of steep slopes or cliffs, forming a conical or fan-shaped deposit. It is typically formed from rocks that have been dislodged by physical weathering processes such as freeze-thaw cycles.
_____ is the largest moon of Saturn.
A. Titan
B. Io
C. Europa
D. Callisto
A. Titan
Titan is the largest moon of Saturn and the second-largest natural satellite in the Solar System, after Jupiter’s moon Ganymede. It is notable for its dense atmosphere and surface liquid hydrocarbons.
_____ magmas are derived from partial melting of the same source and have no characteristics that reflect the subsequent effects of differentiation.
A. evolved
B. primitive
C. parental
D. primary
D. primary
Primary magmas are those that are derived directly from partial melting of the mantle or crust without undergoing significant differentiation or contamination. They represent the initial composition of the magma before any fractional crystallization or assimilation takes place.
_____ refers to the geographic location of a stratigraphic unit in which the unit-strato-type is situated.
A. type section
B. type locality
C. type area
D. type region
B. type locality
A type locality is the geographic location where a stratigraphic unit was first identified and described. It serves as the reference point for defining the characteristics of that unit.
_____1. Priodiodella priodiodellides
_____2. Gshelia sp.
_____3. Verbeekina sp.
_____4. Macrocephalites tabi
_____5. Lepidocyclina monstrosa
A. Roguse coral
B. Fusulinid
C. Conodont
D. Ammonite
E. Foraminifera
- C
- A
- B
- D
- E
_____1. Reticulata nummulites
_____2. Globerigina ouachitaensis
_____3. Gshelia sp.
_____4. Neoschwagerina sp
_____5. Gondolella rosenkantzi
_____6. Neohindeodella uniforma
_____7. Globorotalia calida
_____8. Orbitolina
_____9. Globotruncana concavata
_____10. Pullenniatina
A. Pandan Fm – Cebu
B. Kinabuan Fm –Tanay
C. Punso Conglomerate –Mindoro
D. Minilog Fm- Carabao Is.
E. Tartaro Fm. -E. Central Valley
F. Burias Island
G. Aksitero Fm. - Aksitero, Tarlac
H. Mansalay Fm. - Mindoro
I. Bacuit Fm. - Palawan
J. Liminangcong Fm. - Palawan
K. Manlubang Fm. - Bondoc Peninsula
_____1. Reticulata nummulites F
_____2. Globerigina ouachitaensis G
_____3. Gshelia sp. C
_____4. Neoschwagerina sp D
_____5. Gondolella rosenkantzi I
_____6. Neohindeodella uniforma J
_____7. Globorotalia calida K
_____8. Orbitolina A
_____9. Globotruncana concavata B
_____10. Pullenniatina E
______ is isolated, very steeply sloping pinnacles which characterizes a volcanic skeleton landscape
(a) Dike
(b) Neck
(c) Sill
(b) Neck
A volcanic neck (or plug) is a column of solidified lava or igneous rock that formed in a volcanic vent and was exposed after erosion removed the surrounding rock. It often appears as an isolated, steeply sloping pinnacle.
_______ are gorges with very steep walls formed by the action of running water.
A. straits
B. buttes
C. canyons
D. divides
C. canyons
Canyons are deep, narrow valleys with very steep, often vertical walls formed by the erosive action of running water, typically from a river cutting through rock over a long period.
_______ is a dike rock consisting almost entirely of quartz and feldspars and having a characteristic fine-grained sugary texture.
a. aplite
b. pegmatite
c. lamprophyre
d. none of the above
a. aplite
Aplite is a fine-grained igneous rock composed predominantly of quartz and feldspar. It typically forms in dikes and has a characteristic sugary texture due to its fine grain size.
________ iron ore deposits of altered banded iron formation
a. Galena
b. Hematite
c. Magnetite
d. Cinnabar
b. Hematite
Hematite is an iron ore mineral commonly formed from the alteration of banded iron formations (BIFs). It is an iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) and is one of the primary sources of iron in the mining industry.
________ dissolves limestone and forms karst topography
A. Calcium carbonate
B. Calcium bicarbonate
C. Carbonic acid
D. Carbon dioxide
C. Carbonic acid
Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) forms when carbon dioxide (CO₂) dissolves in water. It reacts with limestone (calcium carbonate) to form calcium bicarbonate, which is soluble in water, leading to the dissolution of limestone and the formation of karst topography.
________ drainage pattern signifies volcanoes, domes and erosion residuals.
(a) Annular
(b) Radial
(c) Multibasinal
(b) Radial
Radial drainage patterns develop around a central elevated point, such as volcanoes, domes, or erosion residuals. The streams radiate outward from the high point, resembling the spokes of a wheel.
________ is the time that takes for ½ of the parent to decay to the daughter.
Half-life
________ moves rapidly enough to be perceptible to the eye, have high water content and usually confined to channels.
a) Solifluction
b) earthflow
c) mudflow
(d) gelifluction
(c) Mudflow
Mudflows are a type of mass wasting that moves rapidly down slopes, typically in channels. They contain a high water content mixed with fine sediments, creating a fluid and fast-moving slurry.
_________ are formed when viscous lava is extruded, sags and spreads into convex dome-like-bodies.
(a) Mamelon
(b) tholoid
(c) plug dome
(c) Plug dome
Plug domes are formed when highly viscous lava (often rhyolitic or dacitic) is extruded from a vent, causing it to pile up over the vent and form a dome-like, convex structure. The lava is too thick to flow far, so it accumulates around the vent, creating a steep-sided dome.
_________ are polymetallic sulfide rich deposits hosted in submarine volcanic and sedimentary rocks:
a. epithermal deposits
b. volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits
c. sediment hosted deposit
d. hypothermal deposits
e. none of the above
(b) Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits
Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits are polymetallic sulfide-rich ore bodies that form on or near the seafloor in submarine volcanic environments. They are typically associated with hydrothermal vents and are hosted in volcanic and sedimentary rocks. These deposits commonly contain significant amounts of copper, zinc, lead, gold, and silver.
_________ means a portion of a contract area identified by the contractor for purposes of development, mining, utilization, and sites for support facilities or in the immediate vicinity of the mining operations.
a. Mining area
b. Mineral land
c. Mineral processing
d. Mining operation
a. Mining area
