XXIV. Questions (625-650) Flashcards
A phenoclast is to be found in which kind of rock? a. Igneous b. Metamorphic c. Sedimentary
c. Sedimentary
A postage stamp was issued in the year 1951 on a geological object. What?
A fossil
A plant body without differentiation into root, stem and leaf is known as? a. Filament b. Membrane c. Bark d. Thallus
d. Thallus
A process whereby a stream takes a new route, by diverting its flow across point bar: a. Neck cut-off b. Chute cut-off c. Oxbow formation d. Overtopping e. None of the above
c. Oxbow formation
A process of sediment transport in which a particle jumps from one point to another: a. Saltation b. Traction c. Imbrication d. Dissolution
a. Saltation
A plunging fold having a strike direction trending NW-SE. What are the general directions of dips you may encounter by walking in NW direction? a. N b. SE c. NE d. SW
b. SE
A porphyritic texture in an igneous rock, in which larger phenocrysts are set in a finer-grained matrix (groundmass), is produced by: a. Rapid cooling of low-silica mafic magmas b. Explosive volcanic eruptions of highly viscous magmas c. Very slow cooling deep underground of magmas of any composition d. Two-stage cooling, in which the magma cools more slowly and then more rapidly
d. Two-stage cooling, in which the magma cools more slowly and then more rapidly
A railroad truck was displaced along the Datuin fault in X province after an earthquake in 1972. The predominant sense of movement was horizontal. It was also observed that if one stands on one block of the fault, the other seems to have moved to the left. The fault must be: a. Normal b. Reverse c. Dextral d. Sinistral e. Oblique-slip
d. Sinistral
A quartz-rich sand on a beach is cemented together by clays and iron oxides. Over time, it is buried, and then pushed by tectonic processes deep into the Earth. Ultimately, it gets so hot that it melts. When it recrystallizes, it is now a: a. Sandstone b. Limestone c. Chert d. Igneous rock e. Chemical sedimentary rock f. Clastic sedimentary rock
d. Igneous rock
A plunging syncline is one that: a. Has the oldest rocks near the axis b. Is upwarped c. Has an inclined axis d. Is the same as an anticline e. Plunges into a magma chamber
c. Has an inclined axis
A piece of the country rock that is incorporated into an igneous intrusion is called a: a. Pegmatite b. Xenolith c. Laccolith d. Lopolith
b. Xenolith
A plutonic igneous rock cools: a. Rapidly b. Slowly c. Near the Earth’s surface
b. Slowly
A poorly sorted mixture of angular rock fragments and fine-grained materials deposited by mass wasting is called: a. Gravity deposit b. Colluvium c. Talus d. Solifluction
b. Colluvium
A planar structure that has been bent: a. Mountain b. Hill c. Fold
c. Fold
A process by which random chunks of primordial matter were transformed into a body whose interior is divided into concentric layers that differ from one another both physically and chemically: a. Accretion b. Differentiation c. Accumulation d. Segregation
b. Differentiation
A person weighs more ______________: a. At the north pole than the south pole b. At the north pole than at the equator c. At the equator than the north pole d. At the equator than the south pole
b. At the north pole than at the equator
A place where an unusually hot part of the mantle rises through the crust causing volcanic activity is called a: a. Divergent boundary b. Hot spot c. Convergent boundary d. Transform boundary
b. Hot spot
A pyramidal structure consisting of four oxygen atoms and one silicon atom is known as the: a. Oxygen-silicon ion b. Silica tetrahedron c. Carbonate pyramid d. Oxide building block
b. Silica tetrahedron
A pyramid-shaped peak known as a horn forms: a. By headward erosion of a group of cirques on a mountain peak b. When two or more valley glaciers merge to form a much larger glacier c. As till is modified by floods of glacial meltwater d. When a continental glacier freezes to its underlying surface and ceases moving e. When the terminus of a glacier recedes and deposits a recessional moraine
a. By headward erosion of a group of cirques on a mountain peak
A permeable rock is always porous. True or False
False
A porous rock is always permeable. True or False
False
A record of arrival of seismic waves is: a. Seismogram b. Seismograph c. Seismometer d. Geophone e. None of the above
a. Seismogram
A record of the arrival of earthquake waves is called: a. Seismograph b. Geophone c. Seismogram d. Seismometer
c. Seismogram
A permeable body of subsurface rock or sediment that conducts water is called:
Aquifer
A process wherein large pieces of ice break off the front of the glacier: a. Calving b. Stoping c. Caving d. Breakage
a. Calving
