XXI. Questions (500-550)

Question 1

A fossil used to accurately establish the relative age of the stratum. a) fossil guide b) key fossil c) basic fossil d) index fossil e) plant fossil

Answer 1

d) index fossil

Question 2

A fossilized resin from a tree that sometimes contains entrapped and preserved insects. o trace fossil o coprolite o amber o Araldite

Answer 2

o amber

Question 3

A fracture in rock along which the adjacent rock surfaces are differentially displaced. a) slip b) fault c) dip d) fracture

Answer 3

b) fault

Question 4

A fracture along which there has been appreciable movement is a: a) joint b) fault c) fissure d) crack

Answer 4

b) fault

Question 5

A fracture or joint that has been filled with minerals precipitated from hot water solutions (“hydrothermal”). a) brittle fracture b) vein c) shear d) columnar joint e) none of the above

Answer 5

b) vein

Question 6

A fold with a core of stratigraphically younger rocks. a) homocline b) anticline c) syncline d) inverted fold e) horizontal fold

Answer 6

c) syncline

Question 7

A fracture along which adjacent blocks of rock moved relative to each other. a) fault b) shear c) fissure d) columnar joint

Answer 7

a) fault

Question 8

A fold with angles between the fold’s limbs ranging from 120 to 70 degrees. a) Tight fold b) Open fold c) Closed fold d) All of the above

Answer 8

b) Open fold

Question 9

A fold with angles between the fold’s limbs ranging from 30 to 70 degrees. a) Tight fold b) Open fold c) Closed fold d) All of the above

Answer 9

c) Closed fold

Question 10

A fracture or crack in bedrock, along which movement has occurred. a) Fault b) Shear c) Joint d) Fracture

Answer 10

a) Fault

Question 11

A gravity anomaly that takes into account the effect of topography but not isostatic compensation is named after which mathematician? a. Pierre Bouguer b. E. C. Bullerd c. K. O. Emery d. D. H. Tarling

Answer 11

a. Pierre Bouguer

Question 12

A geologic structure formed when erosion or normal faulting produces a hole in the overthrusted transported body where the underlying un-transported rocks crop out. a. Fenster b. Klippe c. Kenster d. Nappe

Answer 12

a. Fenster

Question 13

A geologic structure formed when erosion or normal faulting removes connecting portions of the overthrusted transported body resulting in an outlier of exotic, often nearly horizontally translated strata overlying untransported strata. a. Fenster b. Klippe c. Kenster d. Nappe

Answer 13

b. Klippe

Question 14

A graben is a crustal unit of what type? a. Crustal block is upthrown between two parallel faults b. Crustal block is downthrown between two parallel faults c. When one set of strata ride over another set d. When a sheet of rocks is faulted between faults

Answer 14

b. Crustal block is downthrown between two parallel faults

Question 15

A green chromian muscovite variety. a. Lepidolite b. Phlogopite c. Fuschite d. Vermiculite e. Stilpnomelane

Answer 15

c. Fuschite

Question 16

A good antonym for a blind fault is: a. Hinge Fault b. Penecontemporaneous Fault c. Thrust Fault d. Emergent Fault e. Wrench Fault

Answer 16

d. Emergent Fault

Question 17

A group of several horses is known as: a. Complex b. Suplex c. Duplex d. Apex

Answer 17

c. Duplex

Question 18

A geothermal reservoir model and an oil reservoir model is almost similar except for: a. Reservoir rock b. Cap rock c. Source rock d. None of the above

Answer 18

c. Source rock

Question 19

A group of characteristics which reflect a sedimentary environment different from those elsewhere in the same deposit. a. sedimentary facies b. stratification and bedding c. sedimentary deposit d. evaporates deposit

Answer 19

a. sedimentary facies

Question 20

A gently rolling land surface of low elevation resulting from a long period of denudation is called: a) Flood plain b) Peneplain c) Alluvial fan d) Alluvial terrace

Answer 20

b) Peneplain

Question 21

A good example of polymorphism in minerals is olivine, in which Fe and Mg substitute freely for one another. a) true b) false

Answer 21

a) true

Question 22

A glowing avalanche from a volcano contains all but which of the following: a) glowing rock fragments b) cloud of hot gas c) lava

Answer 22

c) lava

Question 23

A Harker diagram is a binary plot typically showing: a) MgO vs FeO b) Al2O3 vs CaO c) MgO vs NaO d) SiO2 vs FeO

Answer 23

d) SiO2 vs FeO

Question 24

A gemstone found over a very wide color range, such that single crystals may be multicolored with different optical and electrical properties at opposite ends of the crystal, is likely to be: a. tourmaline b. beryl c. quartz

Answer 24

a. tourmaline

Question 25

A glacially transported boulder now resting in an area far from its sources is a glacial: a) Kame b) Fiord c) Erratic d) Cirque e) Esker

Answer 25

c) Erratic

Question 26

A group of closely spaced, distinct, parallel vein structures is called: a) En-enchelon vein b) Linked vein c) Chambered vein d) Dilation e) Sheeted vein

Answer 26

e) Sheeted vein

Question 27

A group of dikes in radial, parallel or enchelon arrangement is called: a) Dike swarm b) Dike set c) Dike wall d) Dike

Answer 27

a) Dike swarm

Question 28

A Groundwater Vulnerability Map indicates what impact in land use planning: a) Degraded watershed recharge area b) Subsidence zones due to over-pumping c) Aquifers at risk from surface pollution d) Poor aquifer systems e) All of the above

Answer 28

e) All of the above

Question 29

A gabbro is the coarse-grained compositional equivalent of a: a) Rhyolite b) Basalt c) Andesite d) Granite e) Peridotite

Answer 29

b) Basalt

Question 30

A gem and decorative stone that can be found in Ilocos Norte: a) Dasol Jasper Deposit b) Tektite Deposit c) Moss Opal Deposit d) Petrified wood deposit

Answer 30

d) Petrified wood deposit

Question 32

A high-grade metamorphic rock is one that a. has retained a lot of the character of the original parent material. b. has melted in the course of its formation. c. contains minerals that are economically very valuable. d. has been altered a great deal from the original parent material.

Answer 32

d. has been altered a great deal from the original parent material.

Question 33

A horizontal entry into an ore body is called a) Adit b) Shaft c) Bench d) Pit

Answer 33

a) Adit

Question 34

A hypothetical primeval ocean covering two-thirds of the world except for the continent of Pangaea a. Pacific ocean b. Tethys ocean c. Iapetus Ocean d. Panthalassa

Answer 34

d. Panthalassa

Question 35

A known metamorphic facies belongs to a highest degree of temperature and at low pressure environment. Develop during contact metamorphism. a. Zeolite facies b. Sanidinite facies c. Blueschist facies d. Pyroxenite facies

Answer 35

b. Sanidinite facies

Question 36

A hotspot is a portion of the Earth's surface that may be far from tectonic plate margins and volcanism occurs due to a rising: A) Temperature; B) Mantle plume; C) Accretionary wedge; D) Magma from subducted slab

Answer 36

B) Mantle plume

Question 37

A huge vertical plume of pyroclastic material that erupts from a volcano is called a: A. lateral blast B. pyroclastic flow C. lava fountain D. Plinian column E. cinder cone

Answer 37

D. Plinian column

Question 38

A hillslope with an angle of 30 degrees is covered with regolith having a density of 2kg/m³. What is the normal stress (in kg/m²) on a plane 3 m below the surface (vertically) and parallel to the surface? a) 2.6 b) 3 c) 4.5 d) 6.5

Answer 38

c) 4.5

Question 39

A horst is a(n) ________ faulted block, and a graben is a(n) ___________ faulted block. Both are generated by ____________ forces: A) Downward, upward, compressional; B) Upward, downward, tensional; C) Downward, upward, tensional; D) Upward, downward, shearing

Answer 39

B) Upward, downward, tensional

Question 40

A hot spring that periodically erupts is known as a: A) Mud pot; B) Travertine terrace; C) Geyser; D) Stalactite; E) Cone of ascension

Answer 40

C) Geyser

Question 41

A hydrothermal system is one in which: A) Saltwater flows into a freshwater zone; B) Artesian wells stop flowing; C) Many sinkholes form; D) The water table does not move or change; E) Groundwater is heated

Answer 41

E) Groundwater is heated

Question 42

A knifelike ridge separating adjacent cirques or glacial troughs is a(an): A) Horn; B) Pitted outwash plain; C) Arete; D) Medial moraine; E) Firn

Answer 42

C) Arete

Question 43

A hidden metallic ore may exhibit a) positive gravity and magnetic anomaly b) negative gravity and magnetic anomaly c) positive gravity and negative magnetic anomaly d) Negative gravity and positive magnetic anomaly

Answer 43

a) positive gravity and magnetic anomaly

Question 44

A homogenous rock may exhibit bedding.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

A heavy mineral with a high specific gravity and an important source of tungsten is a. Cassiterite b. Pyrochlore c. Wolframite d. Xenotine e. Uraninite

Answer 45

c. Wolframite

Question 46

A hypothermal deposit that are formed at shallow depth from nearly spent solution a. Hypothermal b. Mesothermal c. Leptothermal d. Epithermal

Answer 46

d. Epithermal

Question 47

A highly saline solution a. Brine solution b. Chloride c. Bisulfide d. Hypogene mineral

Answer 47

a. Brine solution

Question 48

A kind of strain which is change in volume. a. Dilation b. Distortion c. Strain d. None of the above

Answer 48

a. Dilation

Question 49

A kind of strain which is change in form. a. Dilation b. Distortion c. Strain d. None of the above

Answer 49

b. Distortion

Question 50

A Harker diagram is a binary plot typically showing: a) MgO vs FeO b) Al2O3 vs CaO c) MgO vs NaO d) SiO2 vs FeO

Answer 50

d) SiO2 vs FeO

Question 51

A gemstone found over a very wide color range, such that single crystals may be multicolored with different optical and electrical properties at opposite ends of the crystal, is likely to be: a) tourmaline b) beryl c) quartz

Answer 51

a) tourmaline