VI. Question (126-150) Flashcards
“Sediment” includes dissolved material as well as solid particles derived from older rocks:
a) true
b) false
a) true
Sediment can include both solid particles (like sand, silt, and clay) derived from the weathering and erosion of older rocks, as well as dissolved materials (like ions in solution) that can later precipitate to form chemical sedimentary rocks.
(Early Paleozoic) The Transcontinental Arch is located in which direction with respect to the Canadian shield?
a. North
b. East
c. West
d. South
d. South
(True or False) Ionic bond compound is less soluble than Covalent bond. How?
False
Ionic bond compounds are generally more soluble in water compared to covalent bond compounds. This is because ionic compounds consist of positively and negatively charged ions held together by electrostatic forces, which can be easily broken apart by the polar nature of water molecules. Water molecules surround and separate the ions, dissolving the compound.
On the other hand, covalent bond compounds do not dissociate into ions, making them less likely to dissolve in water, especially if they are nonpolar. Polar covalent compounds (like sugar) may still dissolve, but their solubility is typically lower compared to ionic compounds.
(True or False) Ionic radius decreases as the charge increases. Why (support your answer)?
True
The ionic radius decreases as the charge on a cation increases because the loss of electrons results in a reduced electron-electron repulsion within the ion, allowing the remaining electrons to be pulled closer to the nucleus. Additionally, with fewer electrons, the effective nuclear charge (the net positive charge experienced by electrons) becomes stronger, pulling the electron cloud closer to the nucleus and thus decreasing the ionic radius.
For example:
Na⁺ (radius = 102 pm) is smaller than Na (radius = 186 pm) because the loss of one electron reduces electron-electron repulsion and increases nuclear attraction.
Al³⁺ (radius = 53 pm) is much smaller than Al (radius = 143 pm) because losing three electrons significantly increases the effective nuclear charge per electron.
Therefore, the greater the positive charge, the smaller the ionic radius.
An incandescent cloud of gas and particles erupted from a volcano is a
a. spatter cone
b. lapilli
c. nuee ardente
d. caldera
c. nuee ardente
How many years it takes for the Global Ocean Conveyor Belt to complete its cycle?
a. 100
b. 1 000
c. 10 000
d. 100 000
e. 1 000 000
b. 1 000
Most accurate value for the age of the Earth:
a. 4.45 + 1% Billon years old (BA)
b. 4.50 + 1% BA
c. 4.54 + 1% BA
d. 4.58 + 1% BA
e. 4.60 + 1% BA
c. 4.54 + 1% BA
Rank the following hominid genus based on dated time of evolution (from oldest to youngest)
i. Ardipithecus
ii. Australopithecus
iii. Orrorin
iv. Paranthropus
v. Sahelanthropus
a. v, iii, i, ii, iv
b. iii, v, ii, I, iv
c. iv, v, iii, iv, i
d. i, iii, v, ii, iv
e. iv, i, iii, ii, v
a. v, iii, i, ii, iv
Sahelanthropus : 7 MYA
Orrorin: 6.1 MYA
Ardipithecus: 5.6 MYA
Australopithecus: 4 MYA
Paranthropus: 2.7 MYA
The most widely accepted theory regarding the formation of the moon
a. Moon condensed together with earth but separately as a “sister” satellite
b. Moon was a product of spinning off of a blob that came from early earth
c. Moon was a former body from space that was subsequently captured by the earth’s gravity.
d. Moon formed from condensation of early earth mantle material that was blasted off from the impact of a body with a size similar to Mars
e. It is still a mystery due to difficulty in obtaining evidence.
d. Moon formed from condensation of early earth mantle material that was blasted off from the impact of a body with a size similar to Mars
The most widespread and costly of all mass wasting processes is
a. slumps
b. creep
c. mudflows
d. rockfalls
b. creep
What is the common denominator of all the causes of extinction in geologic history?
a. Flood basalt eruption
b. Marine regression
c. Climatic cooling
d. Bolide impact
e. None of the above
e. None of the above
What exactly are glaciers?
a. Mass wasting event prominent in cold areas
b. A large block of dense ice that can move due to its weight
c. A block of ice that is permanently immobile
d. A block of ice immediately resulting from freezing of pre-existing water bodies
e. A big cluster of deposits in cold areas such as tills and moraines
b. A large block of dense ice that can move due to its weight
Which of the following is true about Mount Everest?
a. It is the world’s tallest mountain measured above sea level.
b. It is the world’s tallest mountain measured from its base.
c. Its summit is the farthest point on the surface from the Earth’s center.
d. A and B are true.
e. A, B, and C are all true.
a. It is the world’s tallest mountain measured above sea level.
B is Mauna Kea in Hawaii, USA
C is Chimborazo in Ecuador
Which of the following is true about the rainshadow effect?
a. Warm, moist air can’t rise enough on one side of orogenic barrier to cross the other side so precipitation will be manifested on that side only.
b. Cold, moist air can’t rise enough on one side of orogenic barrier to cross the other side so precipitation will be manifested on that side only.
c. Warm, dry air can’t rise enough on one side of orogenic barrier to cross the other side so precipitation will be manifested on that side only.
d. Cold, dry air can’t rise enough on one side of orogenic barrier to cross the other side so precipitation will be manifested on that side only.
None of the above
a. Warm, moist air can’t rise enough on one side of orogenic barrier to cross the other side so precipitation will be manifested on that side only.
Who is the “Father of Modern Geology”?
a. Nicolas Steno
b. Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
c. Alfred Lothar Wegener
d. William Smith
e. James Hutton
e. James Hutton
It is the angle between the fault plane and the vertical
a. Heave
b. Throw
c. Slip
d. Hade
d. Hade
It is a ~200-km thick layer found directly above the Gutenberg Discontinuity
a. D’’ Layer
b. Conrad Discontinuity
c. Mantle Plumes
Transition Zone
a. D’’ Layer
What mineral gives blue color of blueschist (?)
a. glauconite
c. lapiz lazuli
c. azurite
d. glaucophane
d. glaucophane
Which mineral that forms only under marine and sedimentary environment?
a. glauconite
b. iron oxides
c. quartz
d. limestone
a. glauconite
Covellite usually occurs on what mineralization zone?
a. secondary enrichment zone
b. potassic zone
c . mesothermal zone
d. hypothermal zone
a. secondary enrichment zone
If a mesa is continously eroded through time, what will be the another resulting landform?
a. aroyo
b. cock pit
c. butte
d. plateaud
c. butte
The mining method used by Philex Padcal is?
a. block caving
b. cut and fill
c. open pit
d. open stoping
a. block caving
It is a deviation of the normal values at normal condition.
a. geophysics
b. anomaly
c. positive anomaly
d. negative anomaly
b. anomaly
In a skarn mineralization, which mineral is the most common on the system?
a. Fe
b. Au
c. W
d. Mo
a. Fe
