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Nursing, LPN, Year 1 > X Foundations - Bowel Elimination > Flashcards

X Foundations - Bowel Elimination Flashcards

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1
Q

Guiaiac

A

test to check for stool fecal occult blood

(gFOBT), hemoccult

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2
Q

Occult Blood

A

hidden blood

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3
Q

What may cause GI bleeding

A

-ulcer

stool will be tarry black because of digested blood in stool

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4
Q

What can cause false positive results for blood in stool

A
  • Iron
  • medication
  • Vit C ***
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5
Q

reasons for Gastric Decompression

A
  • generally done because of Bowel Obstruction
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6
Q

Bowel Obstructions

A
  • tumor (common in colon, LG INT)
  • Volvulus (twisted intestine, (sm usually) common in dogs)
  • Intussusception (happens in babies. 1 piece of bowel slips into itself)
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7
Q

Links <>”?”L:

A

Anal Cancer Article
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11912-013-0296-6#page-1

Stool scale desctiptions
http://www.gutsense.org/constipation/normal_stools.html

Diarrheaa
http://www.medicinenet.com/diarrhea/page3.htm#why_does_diarrhea_develop

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8
Q

symptoms of blockage of any part of intestines

A
  • bloating
  • nausea
  • vomiting
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9
Q

Tools used in Gastric Decompression

A
  • NG Tube

- Salem Sump tube

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10
Q

How do you know how far to insert an NG tube?

A

NEX ( Nares, ears, xiphoid process)

place on outside of face to measure distance needed inside patient.

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11
Q

how do you know if the salem sump tube has reached the stomach?

A

test fluid for acidity. if 1-4, stomach acid

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12
Q

Guaiac test is used for?

A

test for occult blood in feces

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13
Q

occult blood

A

hidden

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14
Q

what color stain will indicate stool is occult blood positive?

A

blue

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15
Q

*** Why would a doctor give you Guaiac cards?

A

to SCREEN FOR COLON CANCER

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16
Q

how does Dry Feces form?

A

when feces sticks to sides of colon and continues to lose water

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17
Q

Mass Peristaltic effect

A

when the sigmoid colon pushes feces forward to fill the rectum

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18
Q

Hrs from mouth to anus?

A

18hrs

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19
Q

Constipation

A

Difficult passage of dry stool

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20
Q

Obstipation

A

severe or complete constipation

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21
Q

Fecal Impaction

A

clogged sigmoid colon. hardened dry stool not able to pass

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22
Q

syptom of Fecal Impaction

A

liquid or leaking stool

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23
Q

Treatment of Constipation

A
  • Increase fluid
  • increase fiber
  • excercise (increases peristalsis/movement)
  • stool softener
  • suppository
  • laxatives
  • enema
  • digital disimpaction
24
Q

*** How far to insert Enemas?

A

no more than 8”

25
Q

*** what side should you lie on to improve enema results

A

L side lying (because sigmoid is on left and lying on rt would prevent enema fluid from working well

26
Q

*** temp of Enema bag

A

100 - 102

27
Q

*** during enema, if patient complains of pain or cramping …

A

stop, clamp tube and wait until pain subsides

28
Q

Protects against Colon Cancer

A

high fiber diet because it cleans of intestine walls

29
Q

Diverticulitis

A

small bulging sacs on inner lining of colon

30
Q

how can Diverticulitis cause Peritonitis?

A

when a sac bursts and pus travels into interstitial fluid

31
Q

Diverticulosis

A

presence of sacs

32
Q

Diverticulitis

A

condition of

33
Q

Diverticula

A

pouches formed in colon

34
Q

Distension (objective or subjective?)

A

Objective, you can see it

35
Q

Bloating (objective or subjective?)

A

Subjective, only the patient can feel or describe it

36
Q

Hemmeroids

A

varicose veins in rectom

37
Q

Anastomosis

A

surgical connection between two structures. It usually means a connection that is created between tubular structures, such as blood vessels or loops of intestine.

38
Q

Volvulus

A

twisted intestines

39
Q

Proximal part of Intestines

A

closest to root

40
Q

Ischemia

A

lack of blood flow causing damage to tissue

41
Q

Paralytic ileus

A

cessation of peristalsis. causes pain, distension, bloating, constipation

42
Q

Causes of Paralytic Ileus

A
  • Abdominal surgery
  • anesthesia
  • ** overuse of narcotic analgesics (leading cause)
43
Q

Bowel Sounds normal frequency

A

8-32 sounds /minute

44
Q

Borborygmus

A

overactive bowel sounds

45
Q

*** after how much time can you claim absence of bowel sounds

A

auscultation for 4 minutes

46
Q

Chrohn’s Disease

A

Crohn’s most commonly affects the end of the small bowel (the ileum) and the beginning of the colon, but it may affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from the mouth to the anus.

Crohn’s disease can also affect the entire thickness of the bowel wall,

can “skip”– leaving normal areas in between patches of diseased intestine.

47
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

Ulcerative colitis is limited to the colon, also called the large intestine.

ulcerative colitis only involves the innermost lining of the colon.

no skipping

colon becomes inflamed and develops tiny open sores, or ulcers, that produce pus and mucous.

immune system mistakes food, bacteria, and other materials in the intestine for foreign or invading substances. When this happens, the body sends white blood cells into the lining of the intestines, where they produce chronic inflammation and ulcerations

48
Q

Types of diarhhea

A
  • secretory
  • osmotic
  • motility
  • collagenous colitis
  • inflammatory
49
Q

max time before diarrhea needs doctors attention

adults, children

A

adults - over 3 days

child - 24 hrs

50
Q

conscious sedation

A

sedated while awake. don’t remember anything.

51
Q

Types of Enemas

A

Isontonic - saline
Hypertonic - Klax
Hypotonic - tap water, soap suds

52
Q

patients with Diverticulitis should have what diet AFTER acute episode is resolved

A

High Fiber

53
Q

Patient suffers from Postprandial rapid gastric dumping after her gastrectomy. How should she eat?

A

eat small meals throughout the day

54
Q

What encourages development of Gastritis

A

exposure to irritants of the stomach like Ibuprofen

55
Q

In a loop Colostomy, what is coming out of each tube?

A

Stool form one, mucus from other

56
Q

most important in patient with intestinal obstuction

A

replacing IV fluids and electrolytes

Nursing, LPN, Year 1 (44 decks)

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