X A&P FINAL - random facts Flashcards
plasma CELLS
also called plasma B cells, plasmocytes, and effector B cells, are white blood cells that secrete large volumes of antibodies. They are transported by the blood plasma and the lymphatic system. Like all blood cells, plasma cells originate in the bone marrow; however, these cells leave the bone marrow as B cells, before terminal differentiation into plasma cells, normally in lymph nodes.
-circulate antibodies
Plasma made of
54% of blood. Minus solid RBC
contains Albumin, clotting factors, complement, antiodies
Complement
group of enzymes that help antibodies fight pathogens
Albumin
Most abundant protein in plasma. helps regulate body osmotic pressure (made in liver)
Liver makes
- glycogen storage,
- decomposition of red blood cells,
- plasma protein synthesis (albumin),
- hormone production, and detoxification.
- bile, emulsification of lipids.
Erythrocytes - RBC
no nucleus
RBC
- carry o2 bound to hemoglovin.
- carry CO2
Leukocytes - WBC
granulocyte and agranulocyte
- immunity
- live in blood, tissue and lymphatic system
Platelets
- fragments of large cells (megakaryocytes)
- Hemostatis, form platelet plug adn start coagulation (blood clotting)
Granulocytes (granular leukocytes)
- Neturophils (most) (aka Polys)
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
Agranulocytes
- lymphocytes (originate in RBM, develop and multiply in lymphoid tissue)
- Circulate in lymphatic system.
- monocytes are largest
Neutrophil function (Granulocyte)
Phagocytosis
Eosinophils (Granulocyte)
Allergic reaction, anti parasite
Basophils (Granulocyte)
Allergic, inflammatory
Lymphocytes (agranulocyte)
Immunity (Tcells)
Monocyte (agranulocyte)
Phagocytosis
Immunoglobulins
produced by plasma cells aka Antibodies,
Hypersensitivity
tendency to react unfavorably to certain substance that is normally harmless to most people (i.e. low BP triggers in kidney in af-am compared to non black)
Inflammation response
1) RUBOR - redness, capilarry dilations to increase blood flow to area
2) TUMOR - swelling, due to passage of plasma to damaged site
3) CALOR - heat, capillary dilation resulting from increased blood flow
4) DOLOR - pain, destruction of tissue
Intrinsic factor
a gastric juice secretion responsible or vit B12 absorption from the intestine (made in stomach)
(pernicious anemia disease resulting form lack of B12)
Reticulocyte
immature red blood cells
Hemostasis steps ( preventing blood loss due to injury)
1) contraction of smooth muscle (vasoconstriction)
2) Formation of platelet plug
3) formation of blood clot (coagulation)
4) substance released from damaged tissue, prothromibinase
5) prothrombinase converts prothrombin to thrombin
6) thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen into fibrin.
Blood needs to form…
B12 Iron Copper Vit A Vit C
cardiac output
volume of blood pumped in one minute
HR x SV = cardiac output
Heartrate
number of beats per minute
stroke volume
volume of blood pumped out with each beat
