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Nursing, LPN, Year 1 > X A&P - Ch 4, Tissue, Glands and Membranes > Flashcards

X A&P - Ch 4, Tissue, Glands and Membranes Flashcards

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0
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues

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1
Q

Skin Overview

A

See image

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2
Q

4 Main Groups of Tissue

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous Tissue

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3
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Protective covering for body, outer layer of skin
Forms mucous membrane, ducts, inner lining of any opening
Lines body cavities and hollow organs

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4
Q

Epithelial Tissue Structure

by shape

A

Squamous - Flat, round (simple squamous)
Cuboidal
Clumnar

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5
Q

Epithelial Tissue (by layers)

A

Simple - single layer (simple squamous)
Stratified - double layer (stratified cuboidal)
Pseudostratified - false, looks like double layer but not really

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6
Q

Squamous

A

capillary walls, lung alveoli, glomerular capsule in kidney, serous membranes

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7
Q

Cuboidal

A

Tubules and ducts (i.e. kidney, liver, glands)

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8
Q

Columnar

A

lining of stomach, intestine, oviducts

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9
Q

Pseudostratified

A

Columnar cells that appear stratified but are not. only in Lining of respiratory passages (Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells)

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10
Q

Where does body use squamous cells

A

where layer needs to be thin to allow fro diffusion across membrane. flat and thin. Alveoli & Capillaries

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11
Q

Goblets

A

in epithelial tissue. Secrete mucos.

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12
Q

Types of Glands

A

made from eptithelium

Exocrine
Endocrine

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13
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

secrete through glands (and external ducts) to deliver to other regions (i.e. sweat, sebum, digestive enzymes)

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14
Q

Types Connective Tissue

A

Supporting fabric of body
Lots of matrix btwn cells

Circulating - blood, plasma
Generalized - membrane btwn skin and muscle (loose aereolar connective tissue)
Structural - bone, cartilage, ligaments

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15
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Supporting fabric of body
Lots of matrix btwn cells

Circulating

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16
Q

Types of

Generalized Connective Tissue

A

Loose: aereolar, adipose

Dense

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17
Q

Adipose (type of generalized connective tissue )

A

Fat

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18
Q

Cellulite forms when

A

Collagen is damaged by sun, adipose fills in spaces.

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19
Q

Loose Connective Tissue

A

Soft Matrix
Provides support, protection

AREOLAR : loose mixture, semi liquid. Around organs and vessels, in membranes, under skin

ADIPOSE: cells modified to store fat. Insulates body. Stored in tissues as energy supply. Padding around organs and joints, under skin

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20
Q

Types of Dense Connective Tissue

A

Firm matrix , collagen, elastic fibers
Provides protection, support, flexibility, attachment

IRREGULAR- fibrous membranes, capsules, random arrangement (Kevlar)

REGULAR- ligaments, tendons. Parallel alignment

ELASTIC- can stretch and return to original size. Blood vessel walls, respiratory passage.

21
Q

Types of

Structural Connective Tissue

A

Strongest and firmest

Cartilage
Bone

22
Q

Types of

Muscle Tissue

A

Skeletal: voluntary, striated
Cardiac (myocardium): involuntary, contains intercalated discs
Smooth (visceral): involuntary, unstriated

23
Q

intercalated discs

A

Make it easier for cardiac muscle to conduct electricity through muscle

24
Q

Involuntary movements

A

Spasm
Reflex
Shivering

25
Q

Neuron

A
  • Basic unit of nervous tissue
  • Transmit electrical impulses
  • Bunch of nerve fibers held together w connective tissue
26
Q

Types of

Epithelial Membranes

A

Serous: lines body cavities
Mucous: line tubes and ducts
Cutaneous: skin

27
Q

Serous Memberane

A

Line body cavities
Don’t connect to outside body
Secrete serous fluid acts as lubricant

28
Q

Neuroglia

A

Support and protect nervous tissue
Some get rid of foreign material and debris
Some form myelin sheath around axons

DO NOT TRANSMIT NERVE IMPULSES

29
Q

Membranes

A 
Thin sheets of tissue
Cover surfaces
Serve as dividers
Line organs and cavities
Anchor organs
Secrete lubricants
30
Q

2 main type of Membranes

A

Epithelial

Connective tissue

31
Q

2 layers of Serous membrane

A

Visceral (inner)
Parietal (outer)

Balloon example

32
Q

Pleuritis

A

When when visceral and parietal layer of serous membrane rub

33
Q

Mucous membrane

A

Line tubes and ducts to outside body
Trap and remove foreign particles
Protect deeper tissue
Absorb food materials

34
Q

Goblet cells

A

Make mucous

35
Q

Connective Tissue Membrane

A

Connective tissue, no epithelium

Synovial membranes: secrete synovial tissue
Meninges: cover brain and spinal cord
Fascia: underneath skin, insulates body, protects skeletal muscles

36
Q

What tissue conducts electricity?

A

Muscle and nervous

37
Q

Connective Tissue

A

AREOLAR - between skin and muscle

Adipose

38
Q

Sudoripherous gland

A

Sweat gland

39
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Sweat
Salivary
Sebaceous

40
Q

Circulating connective tissue

A

Blood
Plasma
Synovial fluid

41
Q

Generalized connective tissue

A

Loose- AREOLAR, adipose

Dense- strongest

42
Q

Serous membrane types

A

Pericardium
Pleura
Peritoneum

43
Q

Cartilage , what kind of tissue?

A

Structural connective tissue

Hyaline: nose, trachea
Fibrocartilage: intervertebral discs
Elastic: ear, epiglottis

44
Q

Bone , what kind of tissue?

A

Osseous tissue

Osteocytes embedded in background matrix

45
Q

Osteo (blast)

A

Cells that make, build up

46
Q

Osteo (clast)

A

Cells that break down

47
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Too much osteoclast activity

Breaking down.

49
Q

Nerves

A

Bunch of neurons running down same pathway

50
Q

Neuroglia (Glial Cells)

A

protect brain and axons. produce myelin

Cancerous growths made of glial cells

Nursing, LPN, Year 1 (44 decks)

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