X A&P - Ch 4, Tissue, Glands and Membranes

Question 0

Histology

Answer 0

Study of tissues

Question 1

Skin Overview

Answer 1

See image

Question 2

4 Main Groups of Tissue

Answer 2

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous Tissue

Question 3

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 3

Protective covering for body, outer layer of skin
Forms mucous membrane, ducts, inner lining of any opening
Lines body cavities and hollow organs

Question 4

Epithelial Tissue Structure

by shape

Answer 4

Squamous - Flat, round (simple squamous)
Cuboidal
Clumnar

Question 5

Epithelial Tissue (by layers)

Answer 5

Simple - single layer (simple squamous)
Stratified - double layer (stratified cuboidal)
Pseudostratified - false, looks like double layer but not really

Question 6

Squamous

Answer 6

capillary walls, lung alveoli, glomerular capsule in kidney, serous membranes

Question 7

Cuboidal

Answer 7

Tubules and ducts (i.e. kidney, liver, glands)

Question 8

Columnar

Answer 8

lining of stomach, intestine, oviducts

Question 9

Pseudostratified

Answer 9

Columnar cells that appear stratified but are not. only in Lining of respiratory passages (Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells)

Question 10

Where does body use squamous cells

Answer 10

where layer needs to be thin to allow fro diffusion across membrane. flat and thin. Alveoli & Capillaries

Question 11

Goblets

Answer 11

in epithelial tissue. Secrete mucos.

Question 12

Types of Glands

Answer 12

made from eptithelium

Exocrine
Endocrine

Question 13

Exocrine Glands

Answer 13

secrete through glands (and external ducts) to deliver to other regions (i.e. sweat, sebum, digestive enzymes)

Question 14

Types Connective Tissue

Answer 14

Supporting fabric of body
Lots of matrix btwn cells

Circulating - blood, plasma
Generalized - membrane btwn skin and muscle (loose aereolar connective tissue)
Structural - bone, cartilage, ligaments

Question 15

Connective Tissue

Answer 15

Supporting fabric of body
Lots of matrix btwn cells

Circulating

Question 16

Types of

Generalized Connective Tissue

Answer 16

Loose: aereolar, adipose

Dense

Question 17

Adipose (type of generalized connective tissue )

Answer 17

Fat

Question 18

Cellulite forms when

Answer 18

Collagen is damaged by sun, adipose fills in spaces.

Question 19

Loose Connective Tissue

Answer 19

Soft Matrix
Provides support, protection

AREOLAR : loose mixture, semi liquid. Around organs and vessels, in membranes, under skin

ADIPOSE: cells modified to store fat. Insulates body. Stored in tissues as energy supply. Padding around organs and joints, under skin

Question 20

Types of Dense Connective Tissue

Answer 20

Firm matrix , collagen, elastic fibers
Provides protection, support, flexibility, attachment

IRREGULAR- fibrous membranes, capsules, random arrangement (Kevlar)

REGULAR- ligaments, tendons. Parallel alignment

ELASTIC- can stretch and return to original size. Blood vessel walls, respiratory passage.

Question 21

Types of

Structural Connective Tissue

Answer 21

Strongest and firmest

Cartilage
Bone

Question 22

Types of

Muscle Tissue

Answer 22

Skeletal: voluntary, striated
Cardiac (myocardium): involuntary, contains intercalated discs
Smooth (visceral): involuntary, unstriated

Question 23

intercalated discs

Answer 23

Make it easier for cardiac muscle to conduct electricity through muscle

Question 24

Involuntary movements

Answer 24

Spasm Reflex Shivering

Question 25

Neuron

Answer 25

- Basic unit of nervous tissue - Transmit electrical impulses - Bunch of nerve fibers held together w connective tissue

Question 26

Types of | Epithelial Membranes

Answer 26

Serous: lines body cavities Mucous: line tubes and ducts Cutaneous: skin

Question 27

Serous Memberane

Answer 27

Line body cavities Don't connect to outside body Secrete serous fluid acts as lubricant

Question 28

Neuroglia

Answer 28

Support and protect nervous tissue Some get rid of foreign material and debris Some form myelin sheath around axons DO NOT TRANSMIT NERVE IMPULSES

Question 29

Membranes

Answer 29

``` Thin sheets of tissue Cover surfaces Serve as dividers Line organs and cavities Anchor organs Secrete lubricants ```

Question 30

2 main type of Membranes

Answer 30

Epithelial | Connective tissue

Question 31

2 layers of Serous membrane

Answer 31

Visceral (inner) Parietal (outer) Balloon example

Question 32

Pleuritis

Answer 32

When when visceral and parietal layer of serous membrane rub

Question 33

Mucous membrane

Answer 33

Line tubes and ducts to outside body Trap and remove foreign particles Protect deeper tissue Absorb food materials

Question 34

Goblet cells

Answer 34

Make mucous

Question 35

Connective Tissue Membrane

Answer 35

Connective tissue, no epithelium Synovial membranes: secrete synovial tissue Meninges: cover brain and spinal cord Fascia: underneath skin, insulates body, protects skeletal muscles

Question 36

What tissue conducts electricity?

Answer 36

Muscle and nervous

Question 37

Connective Tissue

Answer 37

AREOLAR - between skin and muscle | Adipose

Question 38

Sudoripherous gland

Answer 38

Sweat gland

Question 39

Exocrine glands

Answer 39

Sweat Salivary Sebaceous

Question 40

Circulating connective tissue

Answer 40

Blood Plasma Synovial fluid

Question 41

Generalized connective tissue

Answer 41

Loose- AREOLAR, adipose | Dense- strongest

Question 42

Serous membrane types

Answer 42

Pericardium Pleura Peritoneum

Question 43

Cartilage , what kind of tissue?

Answer 43

Structural connective tissue Hyaline: nose, trachea Fibrocartilage: intervertebral discs Elastic: ear, epiglottis

Question 44

Bone , what kind of tissue?

Answer 44

Osseous tissue Osteocytes embedded in background matrix

Question 45

Osteo (blast)

Answer 45

Cells that make, build up

Question 46

Osteo (clast)

Answer 46

Cells that break down

Question 47

Osteoporosis

Answer 47

Too much osteoclast activity Breaking down.

Question 49

Nerves

Answer 49

Bunch of neurons running down same pathway

Question 50

Neuroglia (Glial Cells)

Answer 50

protect brain and axons. produce myelin Cancerous growths made of glial cells