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Nursing, LPN, Year 1 > x A&P - Ch 2, chem, matter and life > Flashcards

x A&P - Ch 2, chem, matter and life Flashcards

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1
Q

Learn overview

A

See pic

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2
Q

Acid

A

A chemical substance capable of donating a H ion to another substance.

HCL = H+ + Cl-

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3
Q

Amino Acid

A

Proteins are composed of Monomers called amino acids.

Combine to make other proteins

They contain acid group,COOH and an Amino group, NH2

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4
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged ion

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5
Q

Aqueous

A

A solution in which water is the solvent.

Glucose , salts ( used intravenously )

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6
Q

atom

A

Smallest form of matter

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7
Q

base

A

Chemical substance containing a OH ion that readily accepts a H.

Base

NaOH = Na+ and H2O

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8
Q

buffer

A

Chemical buffers maintain constant neutral ph of a compound. Prevents sharp changes is H ions

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9
Q

carbohydrate

A

Building blocks of carbohydrates are monosaccharides (simple sugars)

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10
Q

catalyst

A

Enzyme to increase the speed of a chemical reaction. Temporarily. Gets used up in process. Very small amounts needed.

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11
Q

cation

A

Positively charged ion

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12
Q

chemistry

A

The science that deals with the composition and properties of matter.

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13
Q

colloid

A

Molecules do not dissolve but remain evenly distributed in the suspending material

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14
Q

compound

A

molecule of two different substances combined held together by ionic or covalent bonds

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15
Q

denaturation

A

The alteration of a protein so that it can no longer function. Destroys cells

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16
Q

electrolyte

A
  • ionic bond dissolved in water

- Compound formed by ionic bonds that release ions when dissolved in water

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17
Q

electron

A

Orbit in the nucleus

Negatively charged

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18
Q

element

A

The unique substances that make up matters

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19
Q

enzyme

A

Proteins essential for metabolism. Act as catalysts for hundreds on human processes. Enzymes act on certain substrates so many are necessary for many body functions

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20
Q

glucose

A

ATP. The body’s fuel, crated by mitochondria

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21
Q

glycogen

A

Storage form of glucose found in liver and skeletal muscle cells

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22
Q

ion

A

An atom or group of atoms that has acquired a negative or positive charge

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23
Q

isotope

A

The several forms that elements can exist in. Various atomic weights for same element

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24
Q

lipid

A

Class or organic compounds not soluble in water. Usually found in fat cells

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25
Q

molecule

A

Group of atoms bonded together. Smallest form of an elemen

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26
Q

nucleotide

A

Organic compound made of a nitrogenous base, a sugar and one or more phosphate groups.

ATP is a nucleotide

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27
Q

neutron

A

Neutral particles found in nucleus of atoms

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28
Q

pH

A

The measure of acidity or alkalinity scale.

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29
Q

protein

A

Organic compound made of one or more chain of amino acids. Essential to all living things. Provides structure, food

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30
Q

proton

A

Positively charged electronic particle

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31
Q

?radioactive

A

When a substance has many unstable elections on valence level that are easily removed popping off free radicals

32
Q

salt

A

Electrolyte in water produces salt

33
Q

solute

A

The substance (salt, sugar) which is dissolved into the solvent (liquid)

34
Q

solution

A

The mixture of solute in solvent

35
Q

solvent

A

A substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution

36
Q

steroid

A

Organic compound made of 4 rings of C. (Hormones, alkaloids, vitamins)

37
Q

substrate

A

A substance that an enzyme catalyzes reaction of

38
Q

suspension

A

Heterogeneous mixture containing solid particles.

39
Q

valence

A

Outermost level of atom

40
Q

Matter

A

what everything is made of

41
Q

C, H, O, N, Fe

A

what we are mostly made of

42
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Tri Phosphate

Energy created from breakdown of nutrients

43
Q

Free Radicals

A

valence e (electrons) popping of and flying through you. unstable. items with lots of e flying off is radioactive.

43
Q

Alkali

A

A base

NaOH

Has OH io

44
Q

Acid plus Base

A

Salt and water

HCL + NaOH = NaCl + H2O

45
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

Electrons may be transferred between atoms

46
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

Electrons may be shared between atoms

47
Q

NaCl is an electrolyte

+ H2O

A

Na+ and Cl- ions

Both electrolytes

48
Q

Mixture

A

Blend of 2 or more chemicals, elements or ions.

Solution
Suspension
Colloid

49
Q

Blood

A

Solution

Suspension-plasma
Colloid-cells

50
Q

ESR

A

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

How fast blood takes to separate

51
Q

Importance of H2O

A

We are 80% water

Skin turgid

52
Q

Skin is turgid

A

Hydrated

53
Q

Skin Turgor

A

Dehydration

54
Q

Acid + Base

A

Salt

55
Q

Normal body fluid pH

A

7.35-7.45 pH

56
Q

Distiller water pH

A

pH 7 - neutral

57
Q

Buffer

A

Chemical that prevent sharp changes in H+

58
Q

PET scan looks at

A

Most metabolically active

59
Q

Isotopes

A

Forms of an element that have the same atomic # but different atomic weight.

60
Q

C,H,O,N

A

96% of body weight

61
Q

Organic Compounds

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins

62
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides
Glucose

Disaccharide (2 monosaccharides linked)
Sucrose, Lactose

Polysaccharide (many polysaccharides linked)
Glycogen, starch

63
Q

Lipids (fats)

A

Triglycerides (simple fat composed of glycerol and 3 fatty acids)

Phospholipids (complex lipids containing phosphorous )

Steroids ( contain rings of carbon atoms )

64
Q

Phospholipids

A

Every cell membrane

Phospholipid bi layer

65
Q

Proteins

A

Contain nitrogen (sometimes sulphur, phosphorous)

Structural material
Chain of amino acids w peptide bonds.
Folded 3d shape

66
Q

Protein shapes

A

Pleated
Coiled
Folded ( hemoglobin )

67
Q

Enzymes

A 
Proteins that catalyze a reaction
Work on specific substrate
Not used up or changed after reaction
Work via lock-n-key machinism
Denature in harsh conditions
69
Q

Nucleotides

A

Building blocks of DNA, RNA
One type is component of ATP
Made of: nitrogenous base, a sugar, a phosphate group

70
Q

N

A

Nitrogen

-present in all proteins, ATP and DNA/RNA

71
Q

Ca

A

Calcium

  • builds bones, teeth
  • needed for muscle contraction
  • nerve impulse conduction
  • blood clotting
72
Q

P

A

Phospherous

  • active ingredient in ATP
  • builds bone, teeth
  • in cell membranes and nucleic acid
73
Q

K

A

Potassium

  • nerve impulse conduction
  • muscle contraction
  • water balance
  • acid/base balance
74
Q

Na

A

Sodium

  • active in water balance
  • nerve impulse conduction
  • muscle contraction
75
Q

Cl

A

Chlorine

  • in stomach acid
  • active in water balance
  • acid/base balance

Nursing, LPN, Year 1 (44 decks)

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