x A&P - Ch 1, organization of the human body Flashcards
Levels of Organization
CHEMICALS:
CELLS: chemicals form living cells, mitochondria, neuron, cuboidal epithelium
TISSUE: specialized group of cells form
ORGANS: tissue function together to form
SYSTEMS: Organs working together
ORGANISM:
Body Systems
*Protection, Support, Movement
INTEGUMENTARY: skin associated structures, skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands
SKELETAL: basic framework, 206 bones and joints
MUSCULAR: attached to bones to provide movement of skeleton. give structure, protect organs, maintain posture.
*Coordination and Control
NERVOUS
ENDOCRINE: controls us w hormones
*Circulation and Immunity
CARDIOVASCULAR: heart and blood vessels
LYMPHATIC
*Energy supply and fluid balance
RESPIRATORY
DIGESTIVE (oxygen needed to burn food)
URINARY
*Production of Offspring
REPRODUCTIVE
Muscle Types
Smooth - in walls of body organs
Cardiac - make up wall of heart
Anatomy
Study of the body structure
Physiology
study of body function
Pathology
study of disease
Adrenaline (synonym)
Epinephrine
Superior (pic)
Head
2 types of metabolism
Catabolism: breaks down substances (glucose to ATP, C6H12O6)
Anabolism: builds up substances (anabolic steroids)
Proximal (pic)
close to joint/point of origin
Homeostasis
Body regulating itself to a state of balance
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK: temp^ sweat|, blood sugar| glucogen^
POSITIVE FEEDBACK: body creates more of the same reaction. During childbirth body produces oxytocin to encourage contractions
Distal (pic)
farthest away from point of origin
Superior vs Inferior
Up vs Down
Anterior (Ventral) (pic)
front
Anterior vs Posterior
Ventral vs Dorsal
Posterior (Dorsal) (pic)
back
Medial vs Lateral
Towards middle vs outer side of body
Medial (pic)
towards center of body
Proximal vs Distal
Closer to origin vs further from origin, joint
Lateral (pic)
towards outside of body
Body Cavities
DORSAL: cranial, spinal
VENTRAL: thoracic, abdomenopelvic
THORACIC: periacardial, pleural, mediastinum
See pic
Inferior (pic)
Feet
Divisions of Abdomen - 9 regions
Epigastric Umbilical Hypo gastric Hypochondriac (L , R) Lumbar (L, R) Iliac or Inguinal (L, R)
See pic
Abdominopelvic Quadrants (pic)
RUQ - Right Upper Quadrant
LUQ - Left Upper Quadrant
RLQ - Right Lower Quadrant
LLQ - Left Lower Quadrant
Quadrants of Abdomen
Right Upper
Left Upper
Right Lower
Left Lower
Abdominopelvic Regions (pic)
Epigrastric Region
Umbilical Region
Hypogastric Region
Left and Right Hypochondriac Region
Left and Right Lumbar Region
Left and Right Iliac Region
Auscultation
To listen
Body Cavities (pic)
Dorsal
Ventral
Abdominopelvic
Thoracic
Palpation
Touching
Dorsal Cavity (pic)
Cranial Cavity
Spinal Cavity
Body Regions
See pics: anterior and posterior
Ventral Cavity (pic)
Thoracic Cavity
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Abdominopeclvic Cavity (pic)
Abdominal Cavity
Pelvic Cavity
Thoracic Cavity (pic)
Mediastinum
Pleural Cavity
Pericardial Cavity
Inner Elbow (pic)
Antecubital
Cephalic (pic)
Head
Bracial (pic)
Arm
Forearm (pic)
Antebrachial
Femoral (pic)
Femor, Quad, Thigh
Occipital (pic)
Base of Skull
Acromial (pic)
Shoulder
Cervical (pic)
Neck
Plantar (pic)
Sole of feet
Catabolism
break down
Anabolism
Build up (anabolic steroids)
Homeostasis
Body bringing back an state of normalcy
Negative Feedback
Positive Feedback
Negative Feedback
Temp up, body sweats to lower temp
Positive Feedback
during labor, body releases oxytocin to encourage labor
Stomach Lining
Epithelium
Metabolic Reactions
Anabolism (build up) require ATP
Catabolism (break down) form ATP
Extracellular Fluid
Blood Plasma
Lymph
Fluid between cells
Intracellular Fluid
Fluid within cells, Cytoplasm
Auscultation
to listen
Palpation
to touch
Axilla Region (pic)
Armpits
Popliteus Region (pic)
Back of knee
Mediastinum
area between lungs (heart, veins and arteries, trachea, esophagus, bronchi, lymph nodes)
