WWII era test review +EQ Flashcards
study for WWII test
Time frame of World War II Era
1930-1945
how were investors funding their stocks during the Great Depression
borrowing money from banks
what happened to the banks after Black Tuesday
stock prices fell and the stock market crashed
how were other Americans outside of the stock market affected when it crashed?
banks closed/ no one could go to the bank to get money(no one had any money)
what was Hoover’s response to Black Tuesday and to what happened to the stock market.
He thought that businesses should solve the problem and that the federal government should not get involved in helping unemployed people
what did Hoover rely on for relief during Great Depression
state and local governments, churches, charities, and individuals
what happened to cotton prices during this time?
prices went down
How did cotton prices affect Texas farmers
small farmers lost land
why were big farmers able to survive cotton prices dropping
they could withstand the low prices
what led to the Dust Bowl?
record high temps.
Severe droughts
who won election of 1932
Roosevelt
what was Roosevelts platform for fixing the great depression
- he promised hands on approach to fixing the economy
- he thought the it was the government’s responsibility to help people
what is an example of a New Deal Program that exists today?
-Alphabet Agencies
-Laws and Acts
- Social Security Act
Sam Rayburn’s position
Texan that was the Speaker of House
How was Rayburn a part of the New Deal
passed law to reform way stocks were traded (to prevent 2nd crash)
know topic of New Deal
yes
why was Dallas chosen as the site of the centennial
business community offered most funding
how much funding did Dallas provide for the Texas Centennial
almost $8 million
what was the Texas Centennial
a celebration of Texas’s 100th year of independence from Mexico
Why were the Germans upset after WWI
Treaty of Versailles gave all blame for war on Germany
what did Germany have to do after WWI
- give away German land
-heavy payments (reparations)
-Great Depression made it worse for Germany
Axis Powers (main 3 countries)
-Germany
- Italy
-Japan
Allied Powers (main 5 countries)
- Great Britain
-France - China
-Soviet Union - U.S.A.
what two countries from the Allied Powers joined Later in the war
-Soviet Union
- U.S.A.
when did the Soviet Union and the USA join WWII
1941
How did the U.S. respond to Japan allying with the Axis powers
-disapproved decision
-placed embargo on Japan
What embargo did U.S. place on Japan when Japan joined the Axis powers
stopped selling oil+ other natural resources to Japan
what happened of December 7th, 1941
Japanese plan bombed navel base at Pearl Harbor
where did Pearl Harbor take place
Hawaii
How did the U.S. respond to pearl harbor
declared war against Japan
who was Dorie Miller?
sailor on battleship West Virginia at Pearl Harbor
what did Dorie Miller do?
he manned anti aircraft gun with no training and shut down 4-6 enemy planes
why was Texas a good training ground during WWII
-favorable climate
- wide open spaces
what was the most important school in the nation for training pilots?
Randolph Field
where was Randolph Field Located
near San Antonio
what was Randolph Field known as
“West Point of the Air”
what Rank what Oveta Culp Hobby
colonel
why was Oveta Culp Hobby important
she was the commander of the Women’s Army corp
what does WASP stand for
Women Airforce Service Pilots
what did the WASP do?
-flew planes from factories to military bases
- flew practice missions
-tested damaged warplanes
Summary of Leonard Roy Harmon
- killed while shielding a shipmate from gunfire with his own body
-Awarded Navy Cross
-First African American to have a warship named after him
what was the most important point of Leonard Roy Harmon
-First African American to have a warship named after him
Summary of Andie Murphy
- Single handedly held off an attack by 200 German troops so the rest of his unit could escape
-most highly decorated American during WWII
- Won every medal the military offers for bravery, including the Medal of Honor
what was the most important point on Andie Murphy
most highly decorated American during WWII
what did Andie Murphy do to make him the most high decorated American during WWII
Single handedly held off an attack by 200 German troops so the rest of his unit could escape (+ more)
what are two examples of discrimination in the Armed Forces?
- people denied African Americans equal opportunity to become heroes because they were in non combat roles
-put in segregated units
who else always faced discrimination during WWII
Tejanos and Anglo Americans
what did Texans along the Gulf of Mexico worry about
they worried about an attack from the air or sea
how did Texans along the Gulf of Mexico protect themselves from air or sea attacks
- practiced air raid drills
- at night, cities practiced blackouts to guard possible enemy air attacks
-Texans formed CAP where pilots flew planes too look for enemies along the coast
what does the CAP stand for
Civil Air Patrol
How did people on the Homefront do their part in the war
- rationing
-buying war bonds
-working in war supporting industries
why were some Texans upset about rationing gasoline
Texas was an oil rich state
why were speed limits lowered during WWII
to save gasoline
What were the camps like for German POW
people had limited freedoms
What happened on February 19,1942
Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066
what was the context of Executive Order 9066
it removed about 120,000 people of Japanese descent and 11,000 people of German descent from their homes and into internment camps.
when was the Executive Order 9066 written
Februrary 19, 1942
what percentage were native born American citizens during this time
2/3
What did the State of Texas as a whole have to do to support the war
-produce huge numbers of military equipment
-oil to power their machines
- and food to feed the nation
Why was Industrial Production so huge on Texan and US history
it lead to an economic boom which ended the Great Depression
how much of the U.S. oil is produced in Texas
40%
what were some Items that Texas produced during the Industrial Production time
- Gasoline
- Aviation fuel
-Synthetic rubber
-explosives
know topic of Industrial Production
yes
why did the U.S. have to make synthetic rubber
Japanese conquests in Southeast Asia cut the U.S. off from natural rubber
why did Texas Cities grow so much during the war (WIP)
500,000 people moved to cities to work in factories
manufacturing
what was the Bracero program
brought 4.5 million migrants to work in the U.S.
what is V-E Day
to Celebrate ending of War in Europe
“Victory in Europe”
when was V-E day
May 8th. 1945
what was the Holocaust
millions of innocent people, mostly Jews, had been killed by the German government in camps
what eventually happened to Jewish people who lived in Europe
-shops were boycotted or destroyed
- Jews were forced to wear Star of David to identify themselves
-Jews were forced out of homes/into ghettos
what did the U.S. do to end the war with Japan?
dropped Atomic bomb on Japanese city of Hiroshima
what was the U.S. the only country to do with weapons
-manufacture nuclear weapons
-use them in combat
when did WWII end
September 2nd 1945
How many deaths total were there in WWII
20 million
how much economic damage was caused during WWII
4 trillion dollars
True of False:
Hoover relied on the government to provide charity for people affected by the depression
false
True of False:
Franklin Roosevelt did not think the government was responsible for fixing the Depression
false
true or false:
Sam Rayburn advocated against New Deal policies
false
true of false:
The Dust Bowl was caused by tornados
false
true or false:
Cotton prices rise significantly which hurt farmers
false
true of false:
Unemployment was at an all time high during the Great Depression
true
true or false:
People would regularly borrow money from banks to use in the stock market
true
Two things about Oveta Cub Hobby (review slides)
- Asked to organize a corps of nearly 200,000 women to serve in noncombat roles in the military
- Assigned the rank of colonel and commanded the Women’s Army Corps
Two things about Andie Murphy (review slides)
-Single handedly held off an attack by 200 German troops so the rest of his unit could escape
-Most highly decorated American during World War II.
two things about Dorie Miller (review slides)
-Manned an anti-aircraft gun for which he had no training, he shot down 4–6 planes
-Sailor on battleship West Virginia at Pearl Harbor
two things about Leonard Roy Harmon
-Killed while shielding a shipmate from gunfire with his own body
-First African American to have a warship named after him
propaganda
build public support for the war. These could spread ideas that promoted one side’s views and presented the opposing side in negative ways.
mechanize
Due to a farm labor shortage during the war, the US government offered loans to farmers to encourage them to __mechanize______________ their farms, replacing human labor and making operations more efficient.
How was the stock market crash connected to the banks?
People borrowed money from banks to pay for stocks. When stock market crashed, banks ran out of money and closed.
what natural causes led to the Dust Bowl?
record high temps
severe droughts
How did Representative Sam Rayburn contribute to the New Deal era laws.
passed laws to reform way stocks were traded to prevent second crash
What program from the New Deal still functions in the present day?
Social Security Act helps elderly who are unable to work
What city was chosen to host the Texas Centennial celebration/ Why?
Dallas- business leaders offered to pay for everything
Compare how Hoover wanted to deal with the Great Depression vs Roosevelt
President Hoover thought that businesses should solve the economic problems and that the fed. government should not get involved. Roosevelt felt the opposite and wanted the government to have a more hands on approach
What issues led to the start of WWII
Germany was upset about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and though it was unfair. This allowed Hitler and the Nazi party to come to power
How did Oveta Culp Hobby participate in the war.
She commanded the women’s army corps, a group of 200,000 women in non combat roles in the military.
How were women involved in the war effort
Some 200,000 women volunteered to serve in the U.S. army corps in non combat roles. They would fly supply planes from factories to bases. Women on the Homefront also took the jobs of men who went off to war
Describe POW camps in the US
Officials tried to make camp life as normal as possible, but those living in camps had limited freedom and were constantly under guard
What happened to Japanese and German Americans living in the US
Under President Roosevelt’s order 9066, American citizens of Japanese descent were removed from their homes and sent to internment camps.
How did WWII affect the Texas and the US economy
The economy benefited from great industrial and agricultural expansion and the creation of many new jobs
What was the effect the war had on Texas cities
Cities grew as people went to find jobs in factories producing war products. 500,000 people moved to cities to find jobs.
what is V-E Day
the day that WWII ended in Europe on May 8th, 1945
What is the Holocaust
millions of innocent people, mostly Jews, had been killed by the German government in camps.
How did the US end the war with Japan
The U.S. dropped tow atomic bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki which forced Japan to surrender
