Unit 6 EQ- A divided nation Flashcards
study study study
What was the goal of the Radical Republicans?
to force change in South- ensure equal rights for AA
Significance at First Battle of Bull Run:
Both sides realized that the war wouldn’t be over as quickly as they thought
1st major battle
What was the Freedmen’s Bureau; what did they do to assist former enslaved people?
federal agency to provide aid for freed people
food, education, legalized marriages, hospitals
What was the goal of the Free Soil Party?
stop spread of slavery in the U.S.
1st anti slavery party
Who were “carpetbaggers” and “scalawags”?
Republicans in the South who promoted equal rights for AA
How did the Emancipation Proclamation boost the Union Army?
more soldiers for union
South lost labor supply
Also changed motivation for Union (preserving the Union —–> ending slavery)
What were border states
slaves states that stayed in the union
What were Jim Crow laws?
laws that enforce segregation in the South
What was Lincoln’s overall message of his 2nd Inaugural Address?
union getting back together and the North and South needed to put aside hatred and resentment and move forward in peace
“With malice towards none, with charity for all
Abraham Lincoln role during Civil War
POTUS of Union
What were two ways that Southern Democrats prevented African Americans from voting?
- poll taxes- pay to vote
- literacy tests
Identify the Kansas Nebraska Act and its effect on Kansas
Stephen Douglass divided the Louisiana Territory in 2 (Kansas and Nebraska)
Effect- this allowed people to decide slavery
would lead to 3 year violence (“Bleeding Kansas”)
What were two economic measures taken by the Union that still exist today?
income tax and greenbacks (paper currency)
What did Lincoln say about secession in his 1st inaugural Address
illegal, shouldn’t be done
conscription def.
draft- forced military service
used by both North and South
Compromise of 1850: Parts that pleased the SOUTH:
- Mexican Cession based on popular sovereignty
- stronger fugitive slave laws
Describe Sherman’s March and its significance
General William T. Sherman pushed ATL to Atlantic.
Waged total war (destroyed everything) and left path of destruction through GA
His success helped AL win re-election
How did the Financial Panic of 1873 affect Northerners’ views / concern about Reconstruction? _
became less concerned about South racism and reconstruction, and more concerned abt finances and the economy
What did the Supreme Court rule in the case of Dred Scott v. Sanford?
AA were not citizens
living on free soil didn’t make an enslaved person free
enslaved people were property protected by 5th amendment so Congress couldn’t ban slavery
Describe the events surrounding the assassination of Abraham Lincol
He was attending play at Ford’s theater in D.C. (5 days after Lee surrendered)
John Wilkes Booth snuck into the POTUS box and shot him
Explain why the Battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg were turning points for the North:
Battle of Gettysburg- In PA (2nd time Lee invaded the North)
1/3 Conf. dead or wounded/ “will never rebuild to fighting strength”
Battle of Vicksburg- North gained control of Mississippi River
Who was the first African American elected to the United States Senate?
Hiram Revels
Lincoln ended his 1st Inaugural Address with an appeal to the South saying “We are not _______________, but ______________
enemies but friends
Union advantages in Civil War
- large population (more soldiers)
-factories (wartime production) 85%
-most Railroads (for movement of goods)
-AL leadership
Result at First Battle of Bull Run:
Union Retreated after counter attack led by “Stonewall” Jackson
Why was the Civil War often referred to as “A rich man’s war, but a poor man’s fight”?
Northerners and Southerners could avoid draft by hiring substitues
In South, men who owned 20 or more slaves were exempt from war
What role did the following women play in the Civil War:
Clara Barton
American Red Cross
Union Nurse
. Explain the advancements in military technology listed below:
minie ball
bullet with hollow base that expands to fit groove in rifle
more deadly than previous musket balls
Confederate Strategy during Civil War
stay on defense
cotton diplomacy (cutoff cotton from GB until they become allies)
. Explain the advancements in military technology listed below:
ironclads
battleships covered with iron
changed navel warfare
1st battle between ironclads ended in a tie
Using what authority and for what reason did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation?
Commander in Chief
action to weaken south and bring an end to the war
Robert E. Lee
Commanding general of CSA
What role did the following women play in the Civil War:
Harriet Tubman
Union spy
Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
Harriet Beacher Stowe
Who became POTUS after Lincoln Died
VP Andrew Johnson
What was the goal of the Republican Party?
against slavery spreading to new territories
Who were the “Copperheads” and what did Lincoln do to some of them that was considered unconstitutional by his critics?
Northern Democrats who opposed Abraham Lincoln and called for peace
arrested (suspended writ of habeas corpus)
. What problem / issue did the Compromise of 1877 solve?
Who became POTUS as a result / political party
To determine the winner of Election of 1876
Rutherford B. Hayes/Republican
Election of 1868 - winner/party:
U.S. Grant
Republican
Why did the Compromise of 1877 mark the end of Reconstruction?
federal troops removed from the Sotuh
What did the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 require Southern states to do to be readmitted to the Union?
- Ratify the 14th amendment
- Extend the right to vote to AA
.Goal of Union army at First Battle of Bull Run:
capture confederate capital- end rebellion in 1 battle
Compromise of 1850: Parts that pleased the NORTH:
California= free
slave trade banned in D.C.
Election of 1860: Winner/Party
Abraham Lincoln- Republican
. Which enslaved people were freed by the Proclamation?
freed slaves in states of rebellion (not border states)
Identify the significance of Appomattox Courthouse, VA
Lee surrendered
What was the goal of the Ku Klux Klan?
to terrorize AA and their supporters and restore Dem control in the south
What was the occasion of the Gettysburg Address AND what did Lincoln say the end of the war would bring in his speech?
speech to dedicate battlefield as a cemetery. “War would bring a new birth of freedom
15th Amendment
Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote based on race
Uncle Tom’s Cabin effect on the North
many became abolitionists (book depicted slavery)
13th Amendment
made slavery illegal in the U.S.
Ulysses S. Grant role in Civil War
Commanding General of Union
What did the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 do to the South?
divide south into 5 military districts
What did Lincoln say about invading the South in his 1st inaugural Address
North will never attack first
14th amendment
all people who were born or naturalized in the US (except NA) are citizens. It guaranteed citizens equal protection of the laws
states that citizens could not be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law
Who was the first African American soldier to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor?
William Carney
What did Lincoln say about slavery in his 1st inaugural Address
it will stay
Response to Uncle Tom’s Cabin in South
banned it (said it falsely critized slavery in South)
What did Lincoln say about federal property in his 1st inaugural Address
keep + protect all government property in seceding states
What were ‘black codes”
Southern States laws that limited freedom of AA
Describe the reason and result for Raid on Harpers Ferry.
Arm slaves so they could rebel
slaves didn’t show up, but Marines did
Brown’s men captured and killed (John Brown was hanged)
his execution would further divide North and South
Union strategy during Civil War
Anaconda Plan (squeeze southern economy by making blocked on Southern coast and taking control of Mississippi River
Capture Richmond, VA
What happened as a result of the election of AL?
Confederate States of America
Significance of Battle of Antietam
Bloodiest day in U.S. history
1st time Lee invaded North (Maryland)
For most African Americans who stayed on plantations, what system did they become a part of?
sharecropping
KNOW MAP
YESSSSSSSSS
Jefferson Davis role in Civil War
POTUS of Cnnfederate States of America
. Explain the advancements in military technology listed below:
Rifle def.
groove in barrel put spin on bullet, giving more accuracy and distance
more deadly than muskets
Fort Sumter significance
1st shots of Civil War
AL called for army to end rebellion, causing more states to secede (VA most important)
CSA advantages during Civil War
- experienced generals
- fighting defensive war
- motivation (for homes and property)
-strong military tradition
What was Reconstruction?
Process readmitting CSA States into Union, including extending Civil Rights to AA
(1865-1877)
