Texas After WWII Flashcards
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Smith vs. Allwright Problem
Lonnie Smith was unable to vote in the Democratic “white primary”
Smith vs. Allwright decision
African Americans had to be allowed to vote in primary
Smith vs. Allwright impact
Number of African Americans registering to vote went up to 70,000
Sweatt v. Painter Problem
Herman Sweatt was denied from UT law school and he sued (race)
Sweatt v. Painter Decision
separate schools weren’t equal
Sweatt v. Painter Impact
U.S> supreme court ruled favor of Sweatt and several Texas colleges were forced to integrate
what was decided during the Supreme Court case Brown v. Board
-separate schools were not equal
-next year court ordered school board to integrate
did all Texas schools follow Brown v. Board decision immediately
they resisted decision
How did Texas schools avoid integration
-integrated teach staff, but not students
-allowed African Americans in schools but different classes
Who was James L. Famer
Texan that found CORE
what does CORE stand for
congress for racial equality
what did CORE do
nonviolent protests and fought for racial equality
What was a sit in?
activists took seats in white sections of segregated lunch counters and refused to leave unless they were served
were sit ins violent?
Yes! They were often violent
What did James L. Farmer organize in 1961
freedom rides
what year did James L. Farmer organize freedom rides
1961
what were freedom rides
white and African Americans rode buses from Washington D.C. to the South
what was the goal of freedom rides
to break segregation law so the government would have to enforce the court’s decision
were freedom rides a success
YES
Summary of Civil Rights of 1964
-banned discrimination of all part of life
-Allowed government to take away funding from school districts who were segregated
Summary of Voting Rights Act of 1965
made literacy tests and poll taxes illegal
what was the outcome of the Voting rights Act of 1965
African American voter registration increased
who was Barbara Jordan?
The 1st African American to be elected to state senate where she worked in the U.S. House of Representatives
Compared to the Jim Crow Era, how do you think life improved for African Americans
Allowed them to have more say
-rights
what was the purpose of the American G.I. Forum
fight for equal rights among Mexican Americans
Explain what happened with Felix Longoria
he was a Mexican WWII soldier who died in battle
White cemetery officials wouldn’t allow his family to have services in cemetery chapel to honor his death
who created the American G.I Forum
D.R. Hector P. Garcia
What was the Decision in Hernandez v. Driscoll
segregation of Mexican American children in schools was illegal
What made it obvious that the school was segregating Mexican students
A Mexican American student who only spoke English was placed in “low class for Spanish speaking students
what was the Texas Equal Rights Amendment
granted women the same legal rights as men
Percentage of women that held jobs in 1950s
27%
Percentage of women that held jobs in 1980s
56%
How many political offices did women hold by the 1980s
more than 690
why is it called a “Cold” war
-the two sides never fought each other
what were the two sides to the cold war
U.S. and Soviet Union
How did the War in Korea heighten tensions in the U.S.?
communism was strong in Korea.
Communism represented the opposite of the American way of life.
What did Americans fear about communism
it was spreading throughout the world.
a form of action in favor of a cause that involved marches and boycotts
non-violent protests
to refuse to buy or use particular goods or services as a form of protest
boycott
to include people of all races
integrate
a form of protest in which activists sit down inside or in front of a business to interfere with the business
sit in
a person who flees for safety, especially to a foreign country
refugee
integrated bus rides that went through segregated area in order to draw attention to civil rights
Freedom rides
an official statement that a person is loyal to the the U.S. and does not seek its overthrow
Loyalty Oath
the post WWII struggle between the U.S. and the Soviet Union for power and influence; did not involve direct fighting
Cold War
a residential community close to a town or city
suburb
the publishing of statements known to be false about someone in order to damage their reputation
libel
a network of highways that link major cities across the U.S.
interstate highway system
a collection of social and economic program initiate by President Johnson
great society
the process of changing, or redrawing, legislative district lines to reflect changes in population
redistricting
rate of production
productivity
what led to the increased fears of spying in the U.S?
Incidents of government workers found guilty of revealing U.S. secrets to the Soviet Union
what was the increased fears called?
Red Scare
what Austin Native was accused of being a communist?
John Henry Folk
What happened because of the John Henry accusations?
he lost his job because of an anti communist organization
what was the result of the Henry Faulk Lawsuit
he was awarded 3.5 million dollars for libel
Who ran for the democratic nomination in 1960?
Lyndon B. Johnson
who did Lyndon B. Johnson lose to in the election of 1960?
John F. Kennedy
who was John f. Kennedy’s vice president
Lyndon B. Johnson
what happened to John F. Kennedy
Kennedy was riding in an open car and was shot and killed
why was Kennedy in TX before he got killed
to prepare for reelection
when did Kennedy get assinated
November 22
what did Johnson promise to do as president when Kennedy died
carry on the programs Kennedy begun
what program did Johnson plan as President
Great Society
what was Johnson’s quote for Great Society
“war on poverty”
Great Society benefits
- Children got preschool education through Head Start
-school breakfast program provided breakfast each day to students
- federal financial aid helped students
-Medicare
primary health program for elderly
who supported South Vietnam in the War
U.S>
what kind of support was given to South Vietnam in the war
U.S sent thousands of troops
who cut support for the war in 1968
Richard Nixon
what happened to Vietnamese Refugees during and after the war
many moved to TX(similar geography and climate) and settled along Gulf Coast of Mexico
-built successful communities
Texas population in 1950
7.7 million
Texas population in 1980
14.2 million
percent of Texans living in cities in 1990
80%
what was the purpose of the Federal-Aid Highway Act
to provide 25 billion dollars to states to build interstate highways
benefits of interstate highways
-highways have no cross traffic, stop signs, or traffic lights
-boosted TX economy (transport goods faster)
-new businesses sprang up
service stations
restaurants
hotels
How did suburbs negatively affect cities
-Downtown stores and theaters closed (couldn’t compete with new facilities)
-cities lost tax revenue as middle class citizens moved away
what was the problem with vacuum tubes
they were big and fragile
benefits of transistors
could send electronic signals much faster than vacuum tubes
What did Jack Kilby do
invented integrated silicon circuit /computer chip
what happened in 1957?
Soviet Union launched first artificial satellite, Sputnik
what started the Space Race
launch of sputnik
how did Americans react to Sputnik
shocked and pressured
what goal did JFK set for the U.S.
landing a human the Moon
what organization directed U.S. space exploration
NASA
what does NASA stand for
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
What happened in 1969
Neil Armstrong became the first human to walk on the moon
when did Neil Armstrong walk on the moon
1969
