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S.S. > Fall Semester Exam Review > Flashcards

Fall Semester Exam Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Reasons for European exploration and colonization

A

god, glory, gold (through mercantilism,), and to find a water route to Asia for spice trade.

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2
Q

mercantilism

A

system in which a moter country gains wealth by having a colony; the resources of the colony are used by the mother country in order to produce more, meaning they can export more than import.

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3
Q

Founding of Jamestwon, Virginia

when

A

1607

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4
Q

Founding of Jamestwon, Virginia

where

A

On the James River by the Virgina Company

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5
Q

Founding of Jamestwon, Virginia

why

A

$$$

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6
Q

Founding of Jamestwon, Virginia

problems

A

disease
winter
food was scarce
no prep (farming/carpentry skills)

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7
Q

Founding of Jamestwon, Virginia

important crop

A

tabacco introudced by John Rolfe

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8
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

1620- pilgrims singed a legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good/ establish order in the colonies

This was one of the 1st attempts at self government in the colonies

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9
Q

House of Burgesses

A

1st representative government in the colonies in which white, landowning men in Virginia elected representatives to make laws and decisions for the colony

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10
Q

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

A

1st wrriten constitution in the colonies

  • limited government power

-allowed non puritans to vote

  • contributed to the growth of representative government
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11
Q

List the New England Colonies

A

Rhode Isalnd, Conneticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire

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12
Q

New England Colonies

climate/soil

A

Longer cold winters with short growing seasons

rocky soil

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13
Q

New England Colonies

type of agriculutre and other industries

A

subsistence farming

trade, fishing, shipbuilding, timber, whaling

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14
Q

New England Colonies

role of slavery

A

3% of population

didn’t depend due to the type of agriculture

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15
Q

Middle Colonies list

A

New York
Delaware
New Jersey
Pennsylvania

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16
Q

Middle Colonies climate/soil

A

moderate climate

good soil

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17
Q

Middle Colonies

type of agriculture and nickname for the region

A

economy based on farming and trade; grew mostly cash crops of grain

known as the Breadbasket colonies

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18
Q

Middle Colonies

role of slavery

A

minimal (7% of pop) due to the influence of Quakers

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19
Q

Southern Colonies list

A

Maryland, Georgia, Virginia, Carolina

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20
Q

Southern Colonies

climate/soil

A

mild climate with year round growing season

fertile soil

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21
Q

Southern Colonies

type of agriculture and major crops

A

plantations with crash crops (tobacco, rice, and indigo)

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22
Q

Southern Colonies

role of slavery

A

Plantation economy with roughly 40% population Africans

economy depended heavily on labor but there were not enough indentured servants

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23
Q

Massachusetts founders

A

Pilgrims and Purtians

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24
Q

Massachusetts

reason for founding

A

to escape religious persecution

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25
Q

Massachusetts

role of religion in lifesyle and politics

A

strict lifestyle, did not offer free religion

representative government run by Church members through Town Mettings and the General Court

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26
Q

Rhode Island founders

A

Anne Hutchinson and Roger williams

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27
Q

Rhode Island

reason for founding

A

they were banished from Massachusetts for disagreeing with the Puritan beliefs

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28
Q

Pennsylvania founder

A

William Penn

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29
Q

Pennsylvania reason for founding

A

religous freedom

offered equality

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30
Q

Pennsylvania

influence of religion on lifestyle and politics

A

Quakers believes in harmony and established a representative government with religious freedom.

They also opposed slavery and treated natives fairly

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31
Q

Maryland founder

A

Lord Baltimore

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32
Q

Maryland reason for founding

A

refuge for English Catholics

eventually the Toleration Act was passed allowing all Christain Religions in the colonies

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33
Q

Georgia founder

A

James Orglethorpe

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34
Q

Georgia

reasons for founding

A

-colony for debots to have a new start

-contain military outposts to shield British colonies from Spanish Florida

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35
Q

Magna Carta

A

1st document in 1215 to limited the King Power

this contributed to colonist ideas of rights and representative government

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36
Q

English Bill of Rights

A

Made Parliment more powerful than King. Laws based on Parliment not the King.

this contributed to colonist ideas of rights and representative government

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37
Q

Parliment

A

the government party of Great Britain tat allowed American colonisits to have a self government.

but the Parliment began imposing strict laws and taxes after the French and Indian war.

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38
Q

John Locke

A

Philosipher that believed that people are born with the right of life liberty and property

this inspired Thomas Jefferson

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39
Q

Enlightenment

A

Movement in 1700s that spread iddea that reason, logic, knowledge, science, and natural born rights could improve society

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40
Q

Great Awakening

A

Religious Movement in colones in 1730-1740s

new churches started during this time

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41
Q

John Peter Zenger- right that was established in the colonies as a result of his trial

A

freedom of press

JPZ won the trial for publish negative remarks about the New York Governer

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42
Q

Triangular trade

A

system of goods and slave trading between Americas, Britian, and Africa where one ship would make 3 stops to load/unload cargo

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43
Q

Albany Plan of Union

author

A

Benjamin Franklin

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44
Q

Albany Plan of Union

purpose

A

to unite the colonies to collect taxes, raise armies, and make treaties to help Britain win the French/Indian War

this was one of the 1st attempts to achieve a common goal between the colonies

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45
Q

Causes/effects of the French and Indian War

A

American colonies began moving into new land in ORV

This angered French and Native Americans who lived there.

Britain won but victory left them in debt, causing them to abandon salutary neglect in the colonies

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45
Q

Albany Plan of Union slogan

A

“Join or Die”

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46
Q

What is salutary neglect

A

Policy where England interfered little in colonial affairs. Parliament made laws but didn’t enforce them.

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47
Q

Treaty of Paris (what did British get)

A

all land east of Mississippi and Canada

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48
Q

Treaty of Paris (what did Spanish get)

A

all land west of Mississippi river and New Orleans

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49
Q

Treaty of Paris (What did French get)

A

loses all claims in North America

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50
Q

Why did the King issue the Proclamation of 1763?

A

due to war debt, British government couldn’t offered to protect colonists from Native attacks west of the App. Mountains

the King wanted to avoid fighitng

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51
Q

What did Proclamation of 1763 forbid

A

colonists from settling in British territory(new ORV) west of App. Mountains

52
Q

British economy after French and Indian War and how it affected the colonies

A

economy in major war debt because the war was fought in and for the colonies.

Parliment abandoned salutary neglect (expected colonies to help pay debt) they then began to pass and enforce laws including taxes

53
Q

Boston Massacre

A

Spring of 1770 (March 5)

1- soldier + colonist got into argument in front of Boston House Customs

  1. angry mob formed

3rd- British shot, 5 people died

4th- the event was used as propaganda to gain colonial support for the patriot cause

54
Q

propaganda

A

a story giving one side of an argument as a form a persuasion

55
Q

Crispus Attucks

A

first colonist to die in Boston Massacre

56
Q

Sugar Act

A

1st tax on colonists by Parliament

taxed sugar and molasses imported into the colonies

57
Q

Quartering Act

A

required colonists to provide Redocats stationed in te colonies with food and shelter

58
Q

Stamp Act

A

taxes all paper products in colonies

had to pu a stamp indicating tax was paid

59
Q

Sons of Liberty purpose of group

A

secret society formed to oppose British colonial policies

60
Q

Sons of Liberty forms of protest

A

nonviolent- parades, rallies, burned paper, publish opposing tax papers

violent- tar and feather tax collecters

61
Q

Samuel Adams

A

leader of Sons of Liberty

organized protests and formed the Comitees of Correspondence

62
Q

Comitees of Correspondence

A

a way for the American colonists to communicate to share ideas and discuss plans for gaining independence from Britain.

63
Q

John Adams role in Boston Massacre

A

lawyer who defended British soliders and won

64
Q

Townshend Acts

A

placed tax on glass, leads, paints, papers, and tea imported to colonies.

Also included writs of assistance

65
Q

Writs of assistance

A

allowed tax collecters to search for smuggled goods (unlimited search warrants) to enforce Townshend acts

66
Q

Tea Act

A

gave the BEIC monoply on colonial tea and placed tax on tea

67
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

in reponse to the Tea Act

the Sons of Liberty dressed as Natives and went 3 tea-filled ship and dumped 342 tea chests in the ocean.

68
Q

Intolerable Acts

why were they passed

A

to punish Massachusetts because of the Boston Tea Party

69
Q

Intolerable Acts

what did they do

A
  1. Boston Harbor closed until ruined tea was paid
  2. Massachusetts charter was canceled. Legislature was dismissed + Committees of correspondence were banned
  3. Royal officials accused of crime were sent to Britain for trial
  4. Quartering Act was stronger

laws intended to break the colonies but instead united them. This led to the 1st Continental Congress

70
Q

“No taxation without representation”- what colonist meant when they repeated this slogan

A

colonists had no representation in Parliament and felt it was unfair they had to pay taxes in a govt. in which they had no say

71
Q

King George III

A

King of England

72
Q

1st Continental Congress

when did they meet

A

1774

delegates from all colonies except Georgia

73
Q

1st Continental Congress

why they began to meet

A

due to the Intolerable Acts

74
Q

1st Continental Congress

decisions they made

A

Ban all trade with Britain until the intolerabel acts were repealed

began training militias through volunteers

75
Q

Thomas Paine/Common Sense

A

Wrote common sense to state that it was Common Sense to declare indepence from Britain

statements made

  • King doesn’t have the God-given right to rule
  • monarchies are corrupt
  • Americas economy is strong enough to be independent
  • America has the destiny to become a separate nation
76
Q

Patrick Henry quote

A

A vocal member of the Virginia House of Burgesses who spoke out against British Colonial Policy

“Give me liberty or give me death”

77
Q

Significane of Battles of Lexington and Concord

A

The British goal was to arrest Samuel Adams and John Hancock. Sons of Liberty and Pual Revere warned minutemen of approaching redcoats. 8 militiamen died but, but Samuel Adams and Paul Revere escaped

known as “shots heard round the world

significance- began a revolution that would change the world

78
Q

Olive Branch Petition

A

signed by the 2nd Continential Congress as a final attempt at peace with King George III

79
Q

Declaration of Independence

who

A

Thomas Jefferson

80
Q

Declaration of Independence

when was signed

A

July 4, 1776

81
Q

Declaration of Independence

why

A

to officially break apart from Britain

82
Q

unalienable rights listed in the Declaration of Independence

A

life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness

83
Q

Disadvantages of the Continental Army

A

not all were Patriots

untrained and undisciplinted at first

small army

84
Q

Advantages of the Continental Army

A

better leadership (GW)

foreign aid (France and Spain)

Knowledge of the land

motivation

85
Q

Mercy Otis Warren

A

wrote plays/poems persuading people to become Patriots

86
Q

Abigail Adams

A

Advocate of womens Rights that encouraged John Adams to “remember the ladies” in the new laws

87
Q

George Washington

A

Commander and Chief of the Contential Army

88
Q

Maquis de Lafayette

A

French nobleman who fought with Americans

Became a Cont. Army general and used his own Wealth for supplies

89
Q

John Hanocock

A

President of the 2nd Contenitial Congress

member of the Sons of Liberty who used his own wealth to buy weapons for militia

90
Q

Benjamin Franklin

A

helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris

went to France to persuade the French to ally

91
Q

James Armistead

A

was enslaved during the war bt was set free by Virginia after the war

worked as a spy for Lafayette during the war

92
Q

Significance of the Battles of Saratoga

A

turing point of the war (showed European nations that America could win)

93
Q

Valley Forge

A

winter of 1777-1778, soldiers were in winter camp at Valley Forge, PA

men didn’t have basic protections
(blankets, clothing, shoes, and food)

2,000 men died of disease, malnutrition and exposure

94
Q

What did surviving Valley Forge prove about the Continental Army? (you have to THINK for this one – not in notes)

A

It proved that America would not give up and showed their loyalty towards the US

95
Q

guerilla warfare

A

hit-and-run tactcis, ambuse and suprise used in the south by the Americans

96
Q

Significance of the Battle of Yorktwon

A

British troops under General Cornwallis were surrounded by Americans on the land and the French navy in the bay. British then surrendered

This was the last major battle of the American Revolution

97
Q

Terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1783

A

-Great Britain recognized the U.S. as a independent nation

  • borders (Mississippi=west) (Canada=north) (Spanish Florida=south)
  • Gave U.S. the right to trade and settle west of the 13 colonies (no more proclamation line)
98
Q

Strengths of the Articles of Confederation

A

Treaty of Paris 1783

U.S. won Revolutionary War

Northwest Territory

99
Q

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

A

-National government too weak (states soveriegn)

  • U.S. was in major debt but they had no power to tax
  • fighting among states (13 different nations and there was no judicial branch to settle disputes)

-congress was only branch

  • no respect from foreign nations
100
Q

Northwest Ordinance

A

set requirements for a territory to become a state

-at least 60,000 people
-slavery banned

101
Q

Constiutional Convention why and when they meet

A

Summer of 1787 in Phillidelphia

to fix the articles of Confederation and strengthen the federal government.

102
Q

Great Compromise

A

to please large and small states

2 houses in Congress

House of Representatives- based on population

Senate- 2 per state

103
Q

3/5 compromise

A

3/5 slave population would be counted for representation and taxation

representation (votes in the House of Representatives)

taxation (amount of tax money states would be required to send the federal government)

104
Q

Anti-Federalists beliefs

A

opposed Constitution and felt it gave too much poewr to the federal government and not enough to the states

They were worried the Constituition didn’t guarantee individual rights and demanded an added Bill of Rights

105
Q

Federalists beliefs

A

supported Constitution and thought it created a good balance between state governments and the national government

-these people supported a strong national government

106
Q

The Federalist papers

authors and purpose

A

Alexander Hamilton
James Madison
John Jay

to convince people to ratify constitution and defended the constitution

107
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

“We the people”

The government’s gets power from the people

108
Q

Republicanism

A

people elect representatives to govern

109
Q

Federalism

A

Power is shared between the national and state government

110
Q

Separation of Powers

A

The Federal government is divided into 3 branches

Executive- enforces laws
Legislative- makes laws
Judicial- expalins and interprets the laws

111
Q

Checks and Balances

A

Each branch has powres over the other 2 branches

112
Q

Limited government

A

government powers are restricted and everyone must obey the laws of the land, including elected officials

113
Q

Individual Rights

A

personal liberties(natural rights) that the government cannot take away

114
Q

Purpose of amending the Constitution

A

allows the government to change as America changes

115
Q

Bill of Rights

what

A

first 10 amendments

116
Q

Bill of Rights

why

A

guarantees the protectiion of individual rights

added to convince Antifederalists to support the constitution

117
Q

Amendment 1

A

RAPPS up rights

-Religion
-Assembly
-Press
-Petition
-speech

118
Q

Amendment 2

A

the right to bear arms

119
Q

Amendment 3

A

no quartering of troops

120
Q

Amendment 4

A

no unreasonable search and seizures

121
Q

Amendment 5

A

rights of a person accused of crime

-due process of law (fair treatment)

-indictment(charge) by Grand Jury

-no double jeopardy

-can’t take my property without due process or payment

-rights to remain silent

122
Q

Amendment 6

A

-sppedy trial by jury in criminal cases

-right to an attorney

123
Q

Amendment 7

A

right to a trial by a jury in civil cases

124
Q

Amendment 8

A

guarantees no excessive bails, fines, or cruel and unusual punishment

125
Q

Amendment 9

A

guarantees that people have more rights than those listed in amendments 1-8

126
Q

Amendment 10

A

guarantees power no delegated to the federal government are reserved for states and the people

127
Q

KNOW GEOGRAPHY

A

YES

S.S. (11 decks)

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