8th S.S. EQ- Unit 1{colonization} Flashcards
Study Study Study
What was Spain’s reason for establishing colonies in the Americas?
To Spread Catholic relgion
$$$$$
Power
What was the primary economic activity of France in NA
fur trade
What was the Columbian exchange
transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres
Explain the reason God people would want to colonize NA
Spread Christian (Protestant) religion (social)
Explain the reason Glory people would want to colonize NA
Expand empire- fly flag around the world (political)
Explain the reason Gold people would want to colonize NA
Bring Wealth to the mother country (economic)
What is Mercantilism
By using raw materials of the colony and converting them into finished goods to export, the mother country could increase wealth from trade profits
Significance of Jamestown
1st permanent English settlement in NA
When was Jamestown Established
Why?
1607
$$$
John Smith’s contributions to Jamestown
1609, he helped colony from starving time, succeed by forcing settlers to work hard for food and built a fort.
“He who shall not work shall not eat.”
also arranged trade with Powhatan
John Rolfe’s COntributions to Jamestown
introduced tobacco to the colony and England (which made $$$$).
By marrying Pocahontas, he made an alliance with the natives
Why were enslaved Africans brought to Jamestown in 1619
bc of lack of indentured servants, they provided labor for tobacco plantations
Identify the Virginia House of Burgesses and explain its significance
1st representative govt. in colonies.
It allows colonists to elect representatives to govern.
Elected by white land-owning men who met once a year to make laws+ decisions for Virginia
Maryland Founder/reason
Lord Baltimore- a refuge for English Catholics
Toleration Act
Made it a crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians.
1st law supporting religious tolerance in colonies
Georgia Founder/ reasons (2)
James Oglethorpe
colony for debtors to have a new start
shield other British colonies from Spanish Florida
Southern Colonies Soil and Climate
Climate- Mild
(year-round growing season)
Soil- fertile soil
Type of Agriculture (including major crops) in the South
Plantations growing tobacco, rice, and indigo (cash crops)
Importance of/ dependence on slavery in South
Plantation economy.
40% of the population of Africans
Pilgrims: WHY did they come to America?
Religious Freedom/ Persecuted by Church of England
Where did the Pilgrims settle
Plymouth, Massachusetts
Mayflower compact/ When, why, significance?
1620, to establish order
One of the 1st attempts at self govt. in colonies (majority rules)
Puritans: Why did they come to America?
To purify the Church of England
Where did Puritans Settle?
Who was leader
Massachusetts Bay
John Winthrop
Great Migration def.
religious, economic, and political problems that led to the mass # of English people moving to NA from 1629 to 1640
Role of Religion in govt. in Puritan Mass.
Only male members of the church could vote or hold office,
laws were based on the bible.
Town meeting in Puritan Mass.
White male church members (puritan men) made laws for the community
General Court in Puritan Mass.
Representative govt. for colonies.
Town Meetings elected delegates, and delegates elected governers.
Describe edu. in colonial NE, including the role of religion.
education was very important in colonies. Public school was required because they wanted children to read the bible
literacy rate=high
Connecticut Founder
Thomas Hooker
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- significance and two ways it expanded democracy in colonies
1st written Constitution in colonies
-limited power of governer
-allowed non-church members to vote. (the expanded idea of representative government)
Rhode Island: Founders/Reason for Founding
Roger Williams+ Anne Hutchinson
religious freedom/ were banished from Mass.
NE climate + soil
climate- Harsh (long cold winters and short growing seasons)
Soil- Rocky
Type of Agriculture in NE (identify and explain)
Subsistence farming- families would raise animals and crops for own use and little trade
Industries in NE
trade, fishing, shipbuilding, timber, whaling
Importance of / dependence on slavery in NE
didn’t depend on slave labor
slaves made up 3% of pop.
Penn. : Founder/ Reason for founding
William Penn for religious freedom
Effect of religion on lifestyle and government for Pennsylvania
Quakers believed everyone should live in peace and harmony.
Established representative government with religious freedom.
They opposed slavery and believed Natives should be treated fairly.
Middle Colonies Climate and Soil
Climate-Moderate
Soil- fertile
Type of Agriculture (include crops) in Middle Colonies
wheats, barley, oats. Growing staple crops for cash
Nickname for Middle Colonies bc of crops grown there
bread basket colonies
Importance of / dependence on slavery in Middle Colonies
minimal
7% of pop.
Magna Carta (year) and effect on Power of King
1215/ limited King power
Two rights extended to nobles in Manga Carta
King couldn’t seize property of nobles
guaranteed trial by jury for nobles accused by crime
English Bill of Rights- effect on power of king/Parliment
made parliament more powerful than King. Laws based on parliament not King.
What is salutary neglect
Policy where England interfered little in colonial affairs. Parliament made laws but didn’t enforce them.
What effect did Salutary Neglect have on colonists
Colonists became used to governing themselves
What were the triangular trade routes and why did they develop
trade routes with one ship making 3 stops to unload and load cargo; developed as efficient system of trade between England, Africa, and the Americas
What was the middle passage. Define and describes the conditions of
Slave trade across Atlantic Ocean.
Deadly to slaves. Were packed tight, diseases, and many died
The middle passage was the middle leg of the triangular trade.
What was the Great Awakening
A religious movement that swept through colonies in 1730s-1740s
Important Person in Great Awakening
John Edwards
Effect of Great Awakening on Colonial Culture
drew different people together.
Ideas of spiritual equality —> questions abt political equality
Questioning church authority—-> questions abt government authority
Enlightenment period def.
Movement in 1700s that spread the idea that reason and logic could improve society
Who was John Locke.
Philosopher that believed that people were born with the right of life, liberty, and property
Who was Montesiquieu
French philosopher that argued 3 branches of government would prevent tyranny.
Effect for Enlightenment on Colonial Culture
spread ideas of natural born rights (equality) and roles of government
Causes of French and Indian War
conflicts between British and French over land and the fur trade in Ohio river Valley.
Once English colonists and fur trappers began to move into French territory (West of App, Mountains) They (Natives included) got made.
Albany plan of union
Whose Idea+slogan
Benjamin Franklin
“Join or Die”
What Albany plan of union called for
wanted to unite colonies to collect taxes, raise armies, and make treaties
Why is the Albany plan of union important
Unite colonies
1st attempt to achieve a common goal within colonies
Winner of Treaty of Paris 1763 (war)
British
Treaty of Paris (what did British get)
all land east of Mississippi and Canada
Treaty of Paris (what did Spanish get)
all land west of Mississippi river and New Orleans
Treaty of Paris (What did French get)
loses all claims in North America
Why did the King issue the Proclamation of 1763?
due to war debt, British government couldn’t offered to protect colonists from Native attacks west of the App. Mountains
What did Proclamation of 1763 forbid
colonists from settling in British territory west of App. Mountains
Colonial reaction to Proclamation of 1763
They were angry. They fought for that land, and they felt they earned the right to settle there.
