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S.S. > 8th S.S. EQ- Unit 1{colonization} > Flashcards

8th S.S. EQ- Unit 1{colonization} Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Spain’s reason for establishing colonies in the Americas?

A

To Spread Catholic relgion

$$$$$

Power

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2
Q

What was the primary economic activity of France in NA

A

fur trade

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3
Q

What was the Columbian exchange

A

transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres

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4
Q

Explain the reason God people would want to colonize NA

A

Spread Christian (Protestant) religion (social)

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5
Q

Explain the reason Glory people would want to colonize NA

A

Expand empire- fly flag around the world (political)

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6
Q

Explain the reason Gold people would want to colonize NA

A

Bring Wealth to the mother country (economic)

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7
Q

What is Mercantilism

A

By using raw materials of the colony and converting them into finished goods to export, the mother country could increase wealth from trade profits

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8
Q

Significance of Jamestown

A

1st permanent English settlement in NA

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9
Q

When was Jamestown Established

Why?

A

1607

$$$

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10
Q

John Smith’s contributions to Jamestown

A

1609, he helped colony from starving time, succeed by forcing settlers to work hard for food and built a fort.

“He who shall not work shall not eat.”

also arranged trade with Powhatan

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11
Q

John Rolfe’s COntributions to Jamestown

A

introduced tobacco to the colony and England (which made $$$$).

By marrying Pocahontas, he made an alliance with the natives

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12
Q

Why were enslaved Africans brought to Jamestown in 1619

A

bc of lack of indentured servants, they provided labor for tobacco plantations

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13
Q

Identify the Virginia House of Burgesses and explain its significance

A

1st representative govt. in colonies.

It allows colonists to elect representatives to govern.

Elected by white land-owning men who met once a year to make laws+ decisions for Virginia

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14
Q

Maryland Founder/reason

A

Lord Baltimore- a refuge for English Catholics

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15
Q

Toleration Act

A

Made it a crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians.

1st law supporting religious tolerance in colonies

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16
Q

Georgia Founder/ reasons (2)

A

James Oglethorpe

colony for debtors to have a new start

shield other British colonies from Spanish Florida

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17
Q

Southern Colonies Soil and Climate

A

Climate- Mild
(year-round growing season)

Soil- fertile soil

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18
Q

Type of Agriculture (including major crops) in the South

A

Plantations growing tobacco, rice, and indigo (cash crops)

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19
Q

Importance of/ dependence on slavery in South

A

Plantation economy.

40% of the population of Africans

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20
Q

Pilgrims: WHY did they come to America?

A

Religious Freedom/ Persecuted by Church of England

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21
Q

Where did the Pilgrims settle

A

Plymouth, Massachusetts

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22
Q

Mayflower compact/ When, why, significance?

A

1620, to establish order

One of the 1st attempts at self govt. in colonies (majority rules)

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23
Q

Puritans: Why did they come to America?

A

To purify the Church of England

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24
Q

Where did Puritans Settle?

Who was leader

A

Massachusetts Bay

John Winthrop

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25
Q

Great Migration def.

A

religious, economic, and political problems that led to the mass # of English people moving to NA from 1629 to 1640

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26
Q

Role of Religion in govt. in Puritan Mass.

A

Only male members of the church could vote or hold office,

laws were based on the bible.

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27
Q

Town meeting in Puritan Mass.

A

White male church members (puritan men) made laws for the community

28
Q

General Court in Puritan Mass.

A

Representative govt. for colonies.

Town Meetings elected delegates, and delegates elected governers.

29
Q

Describe edu. in colonial NE, including the role of religion.

A

education was very important in colonies. Public school was required because they wanted children to read the bible

literacy rate=high

30
Q

Connecticut Founder

A

Thomas Hooker

31
Q

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- significance and two ways it expanded democracy in colonies

A

1st written Constitution in colonies

-limited power of governer

-allowed non-church members to vote. (the expanded idea of representative government)

32
Q

Rhode Island: Founders/Reason for Founding

A

Roger Williams+ Anne Hutchinson

religious freedom/ were banished from Mass.

33
Q

NE climate + soil

A

climate- Harsh (long cold winters and short growing seasons)

Soil- Rocky

34
Q

Type of Agriculture in NE (identify and explain)

A

Subsistence farming- families would raise animals and crops for own use and little trade

35
Q

Industries in NE

A

trade, fishing, shipbuilding, timber, whaling

36
Q

Importance of / dependence on slavery in NE

A

didn’t depend on slave labor

slaves made up 3% of pop.

37
Q

Penn. : Founder/ Reason for founding

A

William Penn for religious freedom

38
Q

Effect of religion on lifestyle and government for Pennsylvania

A

Quakers believed everyone should live in peace and harmony.

Established representative government with religious freedom.

They opposed slavery and believed Natives should be treated fairly.

39
Q

Middle Colonies Climate and Soil

A

Climate-Moderate
Soil- fertile

40
Q

Type of Agriculture (include crops) in Middle Colonies

A

wheats, barley, oats. Growing staple crops for cash

41
Q

Nickname for Middle Colonies bc of crops grown there

A

bread basket colonies

42
Q

Importance of / dependence on slavery in Middle Colonies

A

minimal

7% of pop.

43
Q

Magna Carta (year) and effect on Power of King

A

1215/ limited King power

44
Q

Two rights extended to nobles in Manga Carta

A

King couldn’t seize property of nobles

guaranteed trial by jury for nobles accused by crime

45
Q

English Bill of Rights- effect on power of king/Parliment

A

made parliament more powerful than King. Laws based on parliament not King.

46
Q

What is salutary neglect

A

Policy where England interfered little in colonial affairs. Parliament made laws but didn’t enforce them.

47
Q

What effect did Salutary Neglect have on colonists

A

Colonists became used to governing themselves

48
Q

What were the triangular trade routes and why did they develop

A

trade routes with one ship making 3 stops to unload and load cargo; developed as efficient system of trade between England, Africa, and the Americas

49
Q

What was the middle passage. Define and describes the conditions of

A

Slave trade across Atlantic Ocean.
Deadly to slaves. Were packed tight, diseases, and many died

The middle passage was the middle leg of the triangular trade.

50
Q

What was the Great Awakening

A

A religious movement that swept through colonies in 1730s-1740s

51
Q

Important Person in Great Awakening

A

John Edwards

52
Q

Effect of Great Awakening on Colonial Culture

A

drew different people together.

Ideas of spiritual equality —> questions abt political equality

Questioning church authority—-> questions abt government authority

53
Q

Enlightenment period def.

A

Movement in 1700s that spread the idea that reason and logic could improve society

54
Q

Who was John Locke.

A

Philosopher that believed that people were born with the right of life, liberty, and property

55
Q

Who was Montesiquieu

A

French philosopher that argued 3 branches of government would prevent tyranny.

56
Q

Effect for Enlightenment on Colonial Culture

A

spread ideas of natural born rights (equality) and roles of government

57
Q

Causes of French and Indian War

A

conflicts between British and French over land and the fur trade in Ohio river Valley.

Once English colonists and fur trappers began to move into French territory (West of App, Mountains) They (Natives included) got made.

58
Q

Albany plan of union

Whose Idea+slogan

A

Benjamin Franklin

“Join or Die”

59
Q

What Albany plan of union called for

A

wanted to unite colonies to collect taxes, raise armies, and make treaties

60
Q

Why is the Albany plan of union important

A

Unite colonies

1st attempt to achieve a common goal within colonies

61
Q

Winner of Treaty of Paris 1763 (war)

A

British

62
Q

Treaty of Paris (what did British get)

A

all land east of Mississippi and Canada

63
Q

Treaty of Paris (what did Spanish get)

A

all land west of Mississippi river and New Orleans

64
Q

Treaty of Paris (What did French get)

A

loses all claims in North America

65
Q

Why did the King issue the Proclamation of 1763?

A

due to war debt, British government couldn’t offered to protect colonists from Native attacks west of the App. Mountains

66
Q

What did Proclamation of 1763 forbid

A

colonists from settling in British territory west of App. Mountains

67
Q

Colonial reaction to Proclamation of 1763

A

They were angry. They fought for that land, and they felt they earned the right to settle there.

S.S. (10 decks)

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