TEK review #1 Flashcards
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European nation that was first to colonize the Americas; colonized South America, Central America and southwestern part of North America; established many Catholic missions in “New World”
Spain
British law that said the colonists could not move west of the Appalachian Mountains because the British did not want to have to pay for the costs of defending the colonists from Indian attacks; greatly angered the colonists because they had fought the French and Indian War to get this land
Proclamation of 1763
first representative assembly in America; at Jamestown, Virginia
Virginia House of Burgesses
European nation that colonized eastern coast of North America from Atlantic Ocean to Appalachian Mountains; original 13 colonies
England
____________________ for Catholics; ___________________ for debtors and military outpost
Maryland
GA
religious revival; churches split and grew
Great Awakening
trade with three stops (ex: England, Africa, and Massachusetts)
triangle trade
Colonies: New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey
Longer growing season, fertile soil
Grain farming, called “Breadbasket” colonies
William Penn – Quaker (peace, equality, anti-slavery), founded Pennsylvania
Middle
European nation that claimed territory in North America between Appalachian and Rocky Mountains; primary economic activity was fur trade
France
a contract from the government giving permission to establish a colony
charter
Colonies: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
Warm, almost year-round growing season, very fertile soil
Cash crops: tobacco, rice, indigo
Plantation system and slavery
South
:group of English who came to Plymouth, Massachusetts because they wanted to separate from the Church of England (separatists); 1620
Pilgrims
middle leg of triangular trade route; brought slaves from Africa to American
Middle Passage
English Enlightenment thinker; believed in natural-born rights: life, liberty, & property
John Locke
group of English who wanted to purify (change) the Church of England; settled the Massachusetts Bay colony; thousands of Puritans came to America during the Great Migration; their religious devotion influenced the culture of New England; no religious freedom - kicked out Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson
Puritans
British VS French & Indians
Cause: conflicts over land and the fur trade in the Ohio River Valley (French Territory).
Effects: The British won the war, which ended French power in North America. British government’s war debt would result in new laws and taxes for the colonies that WOULD be enforced – no more salutary neglect!
French and Indian War
belief that colonies exist to benefit their “mother country”; the mother country uses the resources of the colony in order to increase its country’s treasury
mercantilism
French political thinker proposed that government powers should be separated into 3 branches – executive, legislative and judicial
Charles de Montesquieu
Ben Franklin’s proposal during the French and Indian War for the 13 colonies to unite and form a council during the war; “Join or Die!”
Albany Plan of Union
first written Constitution in America – Thomas Hooker – voting rights extended to non-church members
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
: transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between hemispheres
Columbian Exchange
1215) – first document to limit the power of the English king
Magna Carta
Reasons for European exploration and colonization…
spread their religion
increase their country’s wealth
increase their country’s power
:1620; document written by Pilgrims on their ship; first true example of self-government in the Americas; established majority rule for the colony
Mayflower Compact
further extended rights to English citizens, established authority of Parliament as England’s chief law-making body
English Bill of Rights
prior to the French and Indian War, Britain had passed laws that applied to the colonies but they did not enforce them; because of this, colonists got used to governing themselves
Salutary Neglect
movement that stressed science & reason; Ben Franklin - Enlightenment thinker
The Enlightenment
ended the French & Indian War; Britain received all land east of the Mississippi River
Treaty of Paris of 1763
Colonies: Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Massachusetts
Cold, short growing season, rocky soil
Subsistence farming, shipbuilding, fishing, shipping
New England
1607; first permanent English settlement in North America, founded by Virginia Company on the James River in Virginia, settled for economic gain; survival due in part to John Smith (no work=no food) and became successful from growing tobacco (John Rolfe); first use of slaves in North America
Jamestown
John Peter Zenger trial
established freedom of press in colonies
