WRONG EXAM OB Qs Flashcards
For the normal BPP, the amniotic pocket should measure at least
1cm in two perpendicular planes
What will be visualized at the level of the HC
3rd ventricle, thalamus and CSP
With miscarriage, the serum hCG value will be
decreased
With anencephaly, the MSAFP value will be
elevated
With gastroschisis, the MSAFP valu will be
elevated
The quad screen includes an analysis of
hCG, AFP and Inhibin A
In the TPAL designation, the L refers to
live births
The clinical manifestations of supine hypotensive syndrome include
tachycardia, nausea, pallor
Painless 2nd trimester bleeding is most often associated with
placenta previa
What is visualized during BPP
fetal tone, thoracic movement and fetal breathing
What would be decreased in the presence of edwards syndrome
estriol, hCG and AFP
Something that is idiopathic is said to be
from an unknown cause
What is the fetal presentation when the fetal buttocks are closest to the cervix
frank breech
The triple screen typically includes an analysis of
hCG, AFP and estriol
What would be least likely associated with an elevation in MSAFP
turners syndrome
With a normal pregnancy, the first structure noted within the decidualized endometrium is the
chorionic sac
What is often used to medically treat an ectopic pregnancy
methotrexate
In the first trimester normal hCG levels will
double every 48 hours
Compared with normal IUP, the ectopic pregnancy will have a
low hCG
The first sonographic identifiable sign of pregnancy is the
decidual reaction
NT measures are typically obtained between
11 and 14 weeks
Clinical features of an ectopic pregnancy are
pain, vaginal bleeding and shoulder pain
In the early gestation, where is the secondary yolk sac located
chorionic cavity
What are associated with a lower than normal hCG level
ectopic pregnancy, blighted ovum, spontaneous abortion
Clinical findings consistent with a complete molar pregnancy
vaginal bleeding, hypertension, uterine enlargement
What is the most likely metastatic location for GTD
lungs
What structure does the posterior fossa cyst associated with DWM communicate
4th ventricle
Sonographic findings of arnold-chiari 2 malformation
enlarged massa intermedia, hydrocephaly, obliteration of the cistern magna
Development of fluid-filled cleft within the cerebrum is consistent with
schizenchephaly
The “sunburst” of the cerebral sulci is a sonographic finding of
agenesis of CC
Genetic disorder that includes craniosynostosis, midline facial hypoplasia and syndactyly
apert syndrome
The 3rd ventricle communicates with the 4th ventricle at the
aqueduct of sylvius
The 4th ventricle is located anterior to the
cerebellar vermis
A normal shaped skull is termed
mesocephaly
A strawberry shaped skull is commonly associated with
trisomy 18
The band of tissue that allows communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres is the
corpus callosum
Sonographic features of alobar holoprosencephaly
cyclopia, monoventricle and fused thalamus
What fetal suture is located within the frontal bone along the midline of the forehead
metopic suture
Lack of sulci within the fetal cerebrum is a reliable indicator of
lissencephaly
What would not normally be located within the midline of the fetal brain
lobes of the thalamus
Condition in which the frontal horns are small and the occipital horns are enlarged is referred to as
colpocephaly
An increased nuchal fold is most likely associated with
trisomy 21
There is a definite link between microtia and
down syndrome
The optimal scan plane to visualize micrognathia is
sagittal
The measurement obtained between the lateral walls of the orbits is referred to as
binocular diameter
At what level is the nuchal fold measurement obtained
CSP
The condition in which there is no nose and a proboscis separating two close set orbits is
ethmocephaly
The nuchal fold measurement is typically obtained
between 15 and 21 weeks
What is the anomaly of the spine in which there is absence of all of part of a vertebral body and posterior element
hemivertebra
The condition associated with the absence of the sacrum and coccyx
caudal regression syndrome
Characteristics of spina bifida occulta
closed defect, sacral dimple and hemangioma
In VACTERL association the letter C stands for
cardiac
A disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism is
achondroplasia
Achondroplasia is associated with all of the following
frontal bossing, flattened nasal bone, trident hand
Abnormality that results in limitation of the fetal limbs as a result of
arthrogryposis
The thalamic tissue located within the 3rd ventricle of the brain that can become enlarged with arnold chiari 2 malformation is the
massa intermedia
Rhizomelia denotes shortening of the
proximal segment of a limb
An absent sacrum and coccyx is referred to as
caudal regression syndrome
Absent long bones with the hands and feet arising from the shoulders and hips describes
phocomelia
Songoraphic findings of achondrogenesis
micromelia, absent mineralization of the pelvis and polyhydramnios
28 week pregnancy, you note that when pressure is applied to the fetal skull, the skull can be easily distorted
osteogenesis imperfecta
Bell-shaped chest and multiple fetal fractures are indicative of
osteogenesis imperfecta
The exaggerated distance between the first toe and the second toe is
sandal gap
Visualize a mass extending from the distal spine of a fetus. What COULD it be
SCT, meningocele, meningomyelocele
What conditions associated with bilateral renal agenesis, oligohydramnios and fusion of the lower extremities
sirenomelia
Opening located right anteromedially within the diaphragm
foramen of morgagni
Sonographic signs of ebstein anomaly
enlarged right atrium, fetal malpositioned tricuspid valve, fetal hydrops
An EIF is most often seen within the
left ventricle
Most common fetal cardiac tumor
rhabdomyoma
Sonogaphic features of pentalogy of cantrell
omphalocele, cleft sternum, diaphragmatic hernia
Fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch
ductus arteriosis
The moderator band is located within the
right ventricle
Separate mass of non functioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as
pulmonary sequestration
The tricuspid valve is located between the
right ventricle and right atrium
most common sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is a
triangular, echogenic mass within the chest
The embryonic heart begins as
two tubes
Sonogrgraphic “bat-wing” sign is indicative of
pleural effusion
The mitral valve is located between the
left ventricle and left atrium
The blood returning from the lungs through the pulmonary veins enters into the
left atrium
The fetal heart is fully formed by
10 weeks
What is associated with echogenic bowel
cystic fibrosis
What are associated with omphaloceles
trisomy 18, pentalogy of cantrell and IUGR
What are associated with esophageal atresia
down syndrome, VACTERL association and edwards syndrome
What location does gastroschisis occur more often
right lateral of cord insertion
What are associated with gastroschisis
normal cord insertion, elevated MSAFP and periumbilical mass
Inherited disorder in which mucus secreting organs produce thick and sticky secretions instead of normal secretions
cystic fibrosis
What organs produce amniotic fluid after 12 weeks
fetal kidneys
An omphalocele is associated with
pentalogy of cantrell, trisomy 18 and patau syndrome
Duodenal atresia and esophageal atresia are associated with
polyhydramnios
What would be least likely associated with an elevated MSAFP
anorectal atresia
Most common type of colonic atresia
anorectal atresia
Fetal meconium typically consists of
skin, hair and bile
Most likely associated with an excessive amount of amniotic fluid
duodenal atresia
During an 18 week sonogram, multiple cysts of varying sizes are noted within the renal fossa of a male fetus, other kidney appears normal
normal amniotic fluid level
The “keyhole” sign would be seen in all of the following
urethral atresia, prune belly syndrome and PUV
The “lying down” adrenal sign would be seen in
unilateral renal agenesis, bilateral renal agenesis and potter syndrome
What measurement should the renal pelvis not exceed prior to 20 weeks gestation
7mm
Cloacal exstrophy is associated with
omphalocele, spina bifida and imperforate anus
What would result in compensatory hypertrophy
unilateral renal agenesis
The “I” in OEIS complex stands for
imperforate anus
Another name for pelvocaliectasis is
hydronephrosis
What best describes hypospadias
an abnormal ventral curvature of he penis
Numerous non-communicating anechoic masses are noted within the left renal fossa of a fetus at 20 weeks gestation. etiology is
MCDK disease
Syndrome associated with an occipital cephalocele, cystic renal disease and polyhydramnios is
meckel-gruber syndrome
What is not a component of prune belly syndrome
abdominal muscle hypertrophy
OEIS complex is also referred to as
cloacal exstrophy
Obstruction at the level of the UPJ would lead to dilation of the
renal pelvis anc calices
Pyelectasis refers to dilation of the
renal pelvis
Prune belly syndrome is caused by
an enlarged bladder
All are associated with oligohydramnios
bilateral MCDK disease, bilateral renal agenesis and ARPKD
Most common fetal renal tumor
mesoblastic nephroma
An obstruction at the ureterovesicular junction would lead to the dilation of the
ureter and renal collecting system
What would most likely cause bilateral enlarged echogenic fetal kidneys and oligohydramnios
ARPKD
Theca lutein cysts would most likely be linked with a molar pregnancy and
triploidy
What syndrome is brachycephaly associated most often with
down syndrome
A molar pregnancy, omphalocele and small low-set ears are found most often with
triploidy
The earliest invasice fetal karyotyping technology that can be performed is
CVS
A strawberry-shaped skull is associated wtih
edwards syndrome
Cleft lip, hypotelorism, and microophthalmia are sonographic features of
trisomy 13
Which protein is not produced by developing placenta
AFP
Sex chromosome anomaly associated with hypogonadism and subnormal intelligence in males
klinefelter syndrome
What are the sonographic signs of a dichorionic diamniotic gestation
twin peak, lambda and delta sign
Twins having 2 placentas and 1 amniotic sac are referred to as
this does not occur
The demise of a twin during the 2nd or 3rd trimester can lead to
twin embolization syndrome
What is a treatment that separates abnormal placental vascular connections between twins that are suffering from TTTS
endoscopic-guided laser photocoagulation
TRAP syndrome may also be referred to as
acardiac twinning
What occurs as a result of dizygotic twinning
dichorionic diamniotic twins
The abnormal twin in acardiac twinning is also referred to as the
parasitic twin
Term for conjoined twins attached at the sacral region
pyopagus
Most common form of monozygotic twins is
monochorionic, diamniotic
The demise of a twin can lead to the development of neurologic complications in the living twin as a result of
twin embolization syndrome
Maternal contribution to the placenta is the
decidua basalis
An anechoic mass is noted within the umbilical cord during a routine sonograhy exam
allantoic cyst
With Rh isoimmunization the maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the fetal
red blood cells
Mothers with pregestational diabetes, as opposed to gestational diabetes, have an increased risk of a fetus with
neural tube defects
What would least likely be associated with immune hydrops
leiomyoma
The placenta is considered too thick when it measures
> 4cm
What would most likely be confused for a uterine leiomyoma
myometrial contraction
What are associated with a thick placenta
placental insufficiency
Placenta accrete denotes
the abnormal attachment of the placenta to the myometrium
Clinical features of placental abruption
vaginal bleeding, uterine tenderness, abdominal pain
What are associated with oligohydramnios
bilateral renal agenesis, infantile PKD, PROM
A velamentous insertion is associated with
vasa previa
Normal umbilical cord insertion point into placenta is
central
Normally, the S/D ratio decreases with
advancing gestation
Fetal TORCH is frequently associated with
intracranial calcifications
Evidence of polyhydramnios should warrant a careful investigation of the fetal
gastrointestinal system
What are associated with polyhydramios
omphalocele, gastroschisis, esophageal atresia
Doppler assessment of the MCA can evaluate the fetus for
hypoxia
What are part of BPD
flexion of limb, amniotic fluid and fetal breathing
Fertilization typically occurs within _____ after ovulation
24 hours
Trophoblastic cells produce
hCG
Normal appearing 7 week IUP within adnexa, an ovarian cystic structure with a thick, hyperechoic rim is also discovered
corpus luteum cyst
Another name for the amnionic sac is the
gestational sac
What structure lies within the extraembryonic coelom
yolk sac
Least likely spot for ectopic pregnancy
ovary
The first structure noted within the gestational sac is the
yolk sac
Most common pelvic mass associated with pregnancy is the
corpus luteum cyst
Most common cause of pelvic pain with pregnancy is
ectopic pregnancy
What will typically be absent with agenesis of corpus callosum
CSP
The interthalamic adhesion (massa intermedia) passes through
3rd ventricle
A lemon shaped skull is related to
arnold chiari 2 malformation
Following an intracranial hemorrhage, a cyst is noted within the cerebrum that communicates with the lateral ventricle
porencephaly
An increased nuchal fold is most likely associated with
trisomy 21
The fetal lip typically closes by
8 weeks
The form of inheritance in which at least one parent has to be a carrier of an abnormal gene for it to be passed to the fetus is
autosomal dominant
What is associated with spina bifida
splaying of laminae, lemon and banana sign
The group of fetal head and brain abnormalities that often coexists with spina bifida is
arnold chiari 2 malformation
In VACTERL, the “L” stands for
limb
Most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia is
achondroplasia
What is associated with amniotic band syndrome
amputation of fetal parts, anencephaly, facial clefting
The most common form of diaphragmatic hernia is the
foramen of bochdalek
Hepatomegaly would least likely be associated with
gastroschisis
Pentalogy of cantrell includes
cardiovascular malformation, diaphragmatic malformation, omphalocele
Fetal stomach is visualized by
14 weeks
What describes a choledochal cyst
cystic dilatation of the CBD
All are associated with omphalocele
multiple chromosomal abnormalities, elevated MSAFP, periumbilical mass
Sonographic findings of esophageal atresia
absent stomach, polyhydramnios, IUGR
Most common fetal abnormality noted during an obstetric sonogram
hydronephrosis
Numerous non-communicating anechoic masses are noted within the left renal fossa of a fetus at 20 weeks gestation
MCDK disease
Pyelectasis refers to
dilation of the renal pelvis
Rounded head shape is referred to as
brachycephaly
What syndrome is brachycephaly associated with most often
down syndrome
A molar pregnancy, omphalocele and small low-set ears are found most often with
triploidy
Cleft lip, hypotelorism and microphthalmia are all sonographic features of
trisomy 13
What lab finding would not be consistent with trisomy 21
high AFP
The inner membrane surrounding the fetus is referred to as
amnion
The outer membrane of the gestation is referred to as
chorion
Asymmetry in fetal weight between twins is indicative of
discordant growth
Shunting of blood from one twin to the other is termed
TTTS
Acardiac twinning results from
abnormal links between the placental vessels
The fetal contribution of the placenta is the
chorion frondosum
What all are associated with a thin placenta
preeclampsia, IUGR, long-standing diabetes
What all are associated with a thick placenta
fetal infections, Rh isoimmunization, multiple gestations
Penetration of the placenta beyond the uterine wall would be referred to as
placenta percreta
Normally, the S/D ration
decreases with advancing gestation
What is not part of the BPP
fetal swallowing
What is the stage of conceptus that implants within the decidualized endometrium
blastocyst
The most common pelvic mass associated with pregnancy is the
corpus luteum cyst
What hormone maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy
hCG
The development of fluid-filled cleft within the cerebrum is consistent with
schizencephaly
Close-set eyes and a nose with a single nostril is termed
cebocephaly
The thickness of the nuchal fold in the second trimester should not exceed
6mm
The condition in which there is no nose and a proboscis separating two close-set orbits is
ethmocephaly
What are the characteristics of spina bifida occulta
closed defect, sacral simple, hemangioma
What is associated with spina bifida
splaying of the laminae, lemon sign, banana sign
Characteristic sonographic findings of achondrogenesis
micromelia, absent mineralization of the pelvis, polyhydramnios
Signs of Arnold-Chiari 2 Malformation
banana sign, lemon sign, colpocephaly
What is not associated with amniotic band syndrome
synechiae
The fetal heart is fully formed by
10 weeks
Hepatomegaly would least likely be associated with
gastroschisis
The fetal stomach should be visualized by
14 weeks
What is associated with gastroschisis
normal cord insertion, elevated MSAFP, periumbilical mass
What is associated with omphalocele
multiple chromosomal abnormalities, elevated MSAFP, periumbilical mass
What would least likely be associated with an elevated MSAFP
anorectal atresia
What would result in compensatory hypertrophy
unilateral renal agenesis
The syndrome associated with an occipital cephalocele, cystic renal disease and polydactyly is
meckel-gruber syndrome
What is not associated with oligohydramnios
unilateral renal agenesis
Theca lutein cysts would most likely be linked with a molar pregnancy and
triploidy
The inner membrane surrounding the fetus is referred to as
amnion
The outer membrane of the gestation is referred to as the
chorion
What is associated with a thick placenta
fetal infections, Rh isoimmunization, multiple gestations
Insertion of the umbilical cord at the edge of the placenta is referred to as
marginal cord insertion
