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PENNY BOOK > WRONG EXAM ABD Qs > Flashcards

WRONG EXAM ABD Qs Flashcards

1
Q

What ascites is associated with cancer

A

exudate ascites

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2
Q

The right intersegmental fissure contains the

A

right hepatic vein

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3
Q

The main lobar fissure contains the

A

middle hepatic vein

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4
Q

Diameter of the portal vein should never exceed

A

13mm

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5
Q

The left portal vein divides into _________ branches

A

medial and lateral

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6
Q

Most common reason for liver transplant is

A

hepatitis c

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7
Q

Clinical findings of hepatitis do not include

A

pericholecystic fluid

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8
Q

Hepatic mass associated with oral contraceptives is

A

hepatic adenoma

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9
Q

Reduction in ____ is not a clinical finding of HCC

A

AFP

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10
Q

Beckwith-Weidmann is associated with increased risk in developing

A

hepatoblastoma

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11
Q

Hepatization occurs when the gallbladder

A

fills with sludge

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12
Q

Painless jaundice, enlarged palpable gallbladder is suspicious for

A

courvoisier gallbladder

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13
Q

______ is the hormone that causes gallbladder to contract

A

cholecystokinin

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14
Q

The gallbladder is connected to the biliary tree by the

A

cystic duct

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15
Q

The junctional fold is found in the level of the

A

neck

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16
Q

Empyema denotes a gallbladder filled with

A

pus

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17
Q

Diameter of gallbladder should not exceed

A

5cm

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18
Q

Acute cholecystitis that leads to necrosis and abscess describes

A

gangrenous cholecystitis

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19
Q

Focal wall thickening with comet tail artifact is

A

adenomyomatosis

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20
Q

Intermittent obstruction of cystic duct by gallstones results in

A

chronic cholecystitis

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21
Q

______ is not a risk factor for gallstones

A

phrygian cap

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22
Q

Diabetic patients suffering from acute cholecystitis have increased risk for developing

A

emphysematous cholecystitis

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23
Q

Cholesterol crystals with in rokitansky-aschoff sinus are found with

A

adenomyomatosis

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24
Q

Courvoisier gallbladder associated with

A

pancreatic head mass

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25
Q

______ is caused by parasitic roundworm

A

ascariasis

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26
Q

What is associated with triangular cord sign

A

biliary atresia

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27
Q

Klatskin tumor is located at the

A

junction of the right and left hepatic ducts

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28
Q

The most distal portion of the biliary tree is the

A

CBD

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29
Q

Fever, leukocystosis, RUQ pain, dilated ducts, thickened wall with sludge is

A

cholangitis

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30
Q

Abdominal pain, weight loss and pruritus, dilated ducts that abruptly end is

A

cholangiocarcinoma

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31
Q

A klatskin tumor is a form of

A

cholangiocarcinoma

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32
Q

The biliary duct wall should never exceed

A

2mm

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33
Q

_______ segment of the biliary tree that dilates first

A

extrahepatic

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34
Q

Cystic dilation of CBD found in pediatric patients is

A

choledochal cyst

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35
Q

Patients 60 years old or older or after a cholecystectomy, max diameter of ____ is considered normal

A

1cm

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36
Q

Shortened pancreatic duct drains only pancreatic head is

A

pancreatic divisum

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37
Q

Production of glucagon is an

A

endocrine function

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38
Q

Maldevelopment of the 2 embryologic elements of pancrease and consequent obstruction of duodenum is

A

annular pancreas

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39
Q

Whipple procedure is performed on patients with

A

pancreatic carcinoma

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40
Q

What enzyme is released by the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid

A

sodium bicarbonate

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41
Q

_____ is least likely a complaint of pancreatic transplant

A

biloma

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42
Q

_____ is more specific for acute pancreatitis

A

lipase

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43
Q

Most common pancreatic transplantation is

A

exocrine enteric drainage

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44
Q

_____ is least likely to cause acute pancreatitis

A

hepatitis

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45
Q

______ are the most common islet cell tumor

A

insulinomas

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46
Q

_____ elevates first in presence of acute pancreatitis

A

amylase

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47
Q

A gastrinoma of the pancreas can produce

A

zolinger-ellison syndrome

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48
Q

_____ perform the exocrine function of the pancreas

A

acinar cells

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49
Q

What is the most likely vasculature complication of acute pancreatitis

A

thrombosis of the splenic vein

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50
Q

Arterial blood supply to the head of the pancreas is via

A

gastroduodenal artery

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51
Q

One clinical sign of insulinoma is presence of

A

hypoglycemia

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52
Q

The early sonographic appearance of acute pancreatitis is

A

normal

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53
Q

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is most often located in the ________ of the pancreas

A

body and tail

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54
Q

Coexisting obstruction of the CBD and pancreatic duct is referred to as

A

double-duct sign

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55
Q

The head of the pancreas is located ______ to the SMV, _____ to the IVC and ____ to the portal vein

A

right lateral, anterior, inferior

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56
Q

_____ is the hormone released by the pancreas that encourages the body’s use of glucagon

A

insulin

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57
Q

The spleen has a mass that contains calcifications with posterior shadowing, this is a

A

splenic hematoma

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58
Q

RLQ pain and nausea, small mass in splenic hilum isoechoic to spleen is

A

accessory spleen

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59
Q

Most common sonographic appearance of splenic hemangiomas is

A

echogenic

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60
Q

Multiple small echogenic foci scattered throughout with history of toxoplasmosis is

A

granulomas

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61
Q

____ marks the superior aspect of the pancreas body and tail

A

splenic artery

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62
Q

Most common cause of splenomegaly is

A

portal hypertension

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63
Q

_____ marks the posterior aspect of the pancreas body and tail

A

splenic vein

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64
Q

The spleen does not destroy

A

phagocystic cells

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65
Q

Long history of multiple sickle cell crises and subsequent splenic infarctions, only fraction of splenic tissue is seen is a

A

autosplenectomy

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66
Q

Most common location of an accessory spleen is

A

splenic hilum

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67
Q

Pancreatitis is not associated with

A

splenomegaly

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68
Q

Splenic process of cleaning red blood cells of unwanted material is

A

pitting

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69
Q

Congenital anomaly in which spleen is divided into 2 portions by a band of tissue is

A

splenic cleft

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70
Q

History of abdominal pain and histoplasmosis, you will identify multiple

A

granulomas

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71
Q

Splenic disease that results in development of granulomas within the slpeen and throughout the body is

A

sarcoidosis

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72
Q

Complex cyst that results from the parasitic infestation of the spleen by a tapeworm is a

A

hydatid cyst

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73
Q

Is a hepatoma benign or malignant

A

malignant

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74
Q

Angiosarcoma is often found in the

A

spleen

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75
Q

_____ is a tumor that consists of a group of inflammatory cells

A

granuloma

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76
Q

Most common childhood benign hepatic mass

A

hemangioendothelioma

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77
Q

What is not often seen with acalulous cholecystitis

A

cholelithiasis

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78
Q

The merging point of pancreatic duct and CBD at the level of the duodenum is

A

ampulla of vater

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79
Q

If a gallstone causing obstruction is located within the distal common hepatic duct, what becomes dilated

A

intrahepatic ducts

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80
Q

Most proximal portion of biliary tree is

A

intrahepatic radicles

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81
Q

Most common level for biliary obstruction is

A

distal CBD

82
Q

Visualization of echogenic linear structures within the liver parenchyma that produce ring down

A

pneumobilia

83
Q

______ is not a plausible cause of CBD obstruction in adults

A

choledochal cyst

84
Q

Found in pediatric patients and described as cystic diliation of CBD

A

choledochal cyst

85
Q

Production of _____ is not a pancreas exocrine function

A

glucagon

86
Q

The accessory duct of the pancreas is the

A

duct of santorini

87
Q

Name of main pancreatic duct is

A

duct of wirsung

88
Q

Diffuse involvement of lymphoma or leukemia of the spleen will often lead to

A

splenomegaly

89
Q

A sickle cell crisis will often lead to

A

splenomegaly

90
Q

Implantation of ectopic splenic tissue possibly secondary to splenic rupture is

A

splenosis

91
Q

What occurs in a duplex collecting system with complete ureteral duplication

A

upper pole suffers from obstruction because of ureterocele

92
Q

Most common cause of chronic renal failure

A

diabetes mellitus

93
Q

Inherited disorder associated with development of tumors of the central nervous system and orbits, renal cysts and adrenal tumors is

A

von hippel-lindau syndrome

94
Q

Most common solid renal mass

A

angiomyolipoma

95
Q

Systemic disorder associated with epilepsy that leads to development of solid tumors in various organs

A

tuberous sclerosis

96
Q

Suspicious cortical thinning should occur when the renal cortex measures

A

less than 1cm

97
Q

_______ is not considered an exrinsic cause of hydronephrosis

A

ureteral stricture

98
Q

Clinical findings of nephrocalcinosis include

A

UTIs, urinary calculi and hyperparathyroidism

99
Q

Renal condition associated with development of cysts within pancreas and liver is

A

ADPKD

100
Q

Most common location for a urolithiasis to become lodged is the

A

ureterovesicular junction

101
Q

Newborn suffered breif anoxia at birth and now has jaundice. You visualize a triangular-shaped heterogeneous mass superior right kidney which is a

A

adrenal hemorrhage

102
Q

What is associated with conn syndrome

A

adrenal adenoma, hypertension and excessive thrist

103
Q

The left suprarenal vein drains directly into the

A

left renal vein

104
Q

Hyper functioning adrenal adenomas are associated with

A

cushing syndrome, conn syndrome and hypoechoic mass in the area of the adrenal gland

105
Q

_______ is associated with hyponatremia

A

addison disease

106
Q

The right adrenal gland is located

A

posterior and lateral to the IVC

107
Q

The most common sonographic appearance of a pheochromocytoma is a

A

hyperechoic mass

108
Q

Hypernatremia is associated with

A

conn syndrome

109
Q

Neuroblastoma typically presents before the age of

A

5 years

110
Q

The adrenal glands receive a portion of their blood supply from

A

suprarenal branches of inferior phrenic arteries, suprarenal branches of aorta and suprarenal branches of the renal arteries

111
Q

In sagittal there is a circular anechoic vascular structure posterior to IVC

A

right renal artery

112
Q

What are the branches of the celiac axis

A

hepatic artery, splenic artery and left gastric artery

113
Q

The IVC terminates at the

A

right atrium

114
Q

The veins seen attached to IVC just below the diaphragm are the

A

hepatic veins

115
Q

The aorta originates at the

A

left ventricle

116
Q

What are the sections of the IVC

A

postrenal, prerenal and hepatic

117
Q

What is most likely the flow of the common iliac arteries

A

high resistance

118
Q

What vessel may attach to the splenic vein before reaching the portal confluence

A

inferior mesenteric vein

119
Q

Enlargement of the IVC and hepatic veins is seen with

A

right sided heart failure

120
Q

Pseudomyxoma peritonei can result from

A

appendix cancer

121
Q

Abnormality that is associated with red currant jelly stools is

A

intussusception

122
Q

What other anomalies present as pyloric stenosis

A

midgut malrotation, pylorospasm and gastroesophageal reflux disease

123
Q

When bowel protrudes into a weakened area in the lower 1/4 of the rectus abdominal muscle is a

A

spigelian hernia

124
Q

Location of the McBurney point is

A

halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the umbilicus

125
Q

Common clinical findings in infants with intussusception are

A

vomitting, red currant jelly stools and leukocystosis

126
Q

Adult with LLQ pain, fever and bouts of constipation and diarrhea

A

diverticulitis

127
Q

What muscle is situated closest to the spine

A

psoas

128
Q

What is found in the clinical finding of retroperitoneal fibrosis

A

migraine medication use

129
Q

Most common location of a retroperitoneal hematoma in hemophiliac patients is

A

psoas muscle

130
Q

Separate mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue with its own blood supply is

A

pulmonary sequestration

131
Q

The diagnosis of a pneumothorax is typically via

A

chest radiograph

132
Q

Most common sonographic appearance of retroperitoneal fibrosis is a

A

hypoechoic mass surrounding the aorta

133
Q

Common locations for abdominal lymph nodes are

A

mesentery, renal hilum and along length of the aorta

134
Q

Patient with history of abdominal pain and weight loss. Multiple hypoechoic masses extend along anterior aorta

A

retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy

135
Q

History migraine medication, weight loss, nausea, malaise. 15cm hypoechoic mass within abdomen is

A

retroperitoneal fibrosis

136
Q

Pleural effusion that is associated with infection will appear

A

varying sonographic appearances have been noted

137
Q

What is a hemophiliac

A

A person who has an inherited bleeding disorder that inhibits the control of blood clotting

138
Q

Bengin congential cysts located superior to the thyroid gland near the hyoid bone are

A

thyroglossal duct cysts

139
Q

A cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a

A

brachial cleft cyst

140
Q

Parathyroid glands control the release and absorption of

A

calcium

141
Q

Which gland is located immediately anterior to the ear

A

parotid gland

142
Q

Which muscles are located posterior to each thyroid lobe

A

longus colli

143
Q

Which muscles are located lateral to each thyroid lobe

A

sternocleidomastoid

144
Q

A thyroid isthmus that measures greater than _____ is indicative of thyroid enlargement

A

10mm

145
Q

What is the first branch of the ECA

A

superior thyroid artery

146
Q

What hormone is most abundantly produced by the thyroid

A

thyroxine

147
Q

Autoimmune disease that affects the glands that produce moisture, leading to dysfunction of the salivary glands, dryness of eyes, nose skin and mouth

A

sjogren syndrome

148
Q

What type of gland is the thyroid gland

A

endocrine

149
Q

Most common form of salivary gland cancer

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

150
Q

What are the components of the spermatic cord

A

testicular artery, cremaster muscle and lymph nodes

151
Q

Secondary varicoceles are associated with

A

right sided location, hepatomegaly and renal mass

152
Q

Most common location of BPH is the

A

transitional zone

153
Q

Common cyst most often seen in the head of the epididymis that contains nonviable sperm is the

A

spermatocele

154
Q

Lab value that can be assessed as a tumor marker to evaluate a patient for testicular malignancy

A

AFP

155
Q

23 year old man presents with history of infertility. What is associated with this

A

varicocele

156
Q

Most common correctable cause of male infertility

A

varicocele

157
Q

Patient complains of painful curvature of penis and impotence

A

peyronie disease

158
Q

Exocrine function of testicle

A

sperm

159
Q

Zinner syndrome consists of unilateral renal agenesis ejactulatory duct obstruction and

A

seminal vesicle cysts

160
Q

Dilated veins of a varococele will measure

A

> 2mm

161
Q

Endocrine function of the testicles is

A

testosterone

162
Q

Spermatogenesis occurs within the

A

seminiferous tubules

163
Q

Most common germ cell tumor of the testis

A

seminoma

164
Q

Most common location of a varicocele

A

left side of scrotum

165
Q

Sonographic appearance of a seminoma

A

hypoechoic

166
Q

Clinical test for developmental hip dysplasia used to evaluate the hip for the reduction or relocation of a dislocated hip

A

ortolani

167
Q

Palpable, oozing mass at the level of the natal cleft

A

pilonidal cyst

168
Q

What is true of a lipoma

A

they feel no pain in the area of the mass

169
Q

What are the keys to identifying foreign bodies with sonography

A

linear array should be used, most are better visualized with a stand off pad and comet tail artifact may be seen posterior to metallic objects

170
Q

A partial tear of a tendon appears as

A

focal hypoechoic area within the tendon

171
Q

Hyperemic flow within or around a structure is often indicative of

A

inflammation

172
Q

Superficial lipomas may appear as

A

hypoechoic, isoechoic or hyperechoic

173
Q

The malignant testicular tumor that consists of trophoblastic cells is the

A

choriocarcinoma

174
Q

What form of hepatic abnormality are immunocompromised patients more prone to develop

A

candidiasis

175
Q

What would be least likely to cause focal gallbladder wall thickening

A

ascites

176
Q

Empyema of the gallbladder denotes

A

gallbladder filled with pus

177
Q

A congenital disease in which there is narrowing or obliteration of the bile ducts is referred to as

A

biliary atresia

178
Q

What disorder is associated with the sonographic triangular cord sign

A

biliary atresia

179
Q

The most common echogenicity of an inflamed pancreas is

A

hypoechoic

180
Q

The type of tissue within the spleen that is responsible for its phagocytic function is the

A

red pulp

181
Q

The type of tissue within the spleen that is responsible for its lymphatic function is the

A

white pulp

182
Q

What is the splenic process of cleaning red blood cells of unwanted material

A

pitting

183
Q

The spleen removes irregular cells from the bloodstream through a process called

A

culling

184
Q

The splenic artery originates at the

A

celiac trunk

185
Q

What renal cystic disease would be most likely caused by, and thus associated with hemodialysis

A

acquired renal cystic disease

186
Q

The presence of purulent material within the renal collecting system is termed

A

pyonephrosis

187
Q

Which vascular structure may be confused for the main pancreatic duct

A

splenic artery

188
Q

The hepatic artery should demonstrate

A

low resistance flow

189
Q

Which vessel would be the shortest in length

A

right renal vein

190
Q

The sonographic finding of fluid-filled, distended loops of bowel is consistent with

A

intestinal obstruction

191
Q

What would be most likely a cause of colitis

A

antibiotic therapy

192
Q

Which abnormality is associted with the sonographic findings of a thyroid inferno

A

graves disease

193
Q

Which muscle does fibromatosis colli mostly affect

A

sternocleidomastoid

194
Q

Which muscles are located posterior to each thyroid lobe

A

longus colli

195
Q

Benign intratesticular mass that typically has a whorled or onion skin sonographic appearance

A

epidermoid cyst

196
Q

What are the sonographic findings consistent with the diagnosis of testicular torsion

A

hypoechoic testis, reactive hydrocele, decreased intratesticular flow

197
Q

The most common location of prostatic cancer is the

A

peripheral zone

198
Q

What is consistent with the sonographic features of testicular abscess

A

hyperemic flow around the abscess but not within it

199
Q

What would be the most likely sonographic appearance of a seminoma

A

hypoechoic

200
Q

What technique is used to measure the relationship of the femoral head and acetabulum by evaluating the alpha and beta angles

A

graf

201
Q

Clinical findings of a Baker cyst may mimic those of a

A

DVT

202
Q

Sonographically, normal muscle appears as

A

hypoechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands

PENNY BOOK (11 decks)

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