WRONG EXAM ABD Qs Flashcards
What ascites is associated with cancer
exudate ascites
The right intersegmental fissure contains the
right hepatic vein
The main lobar fissure contains the
middle hepatic vein
Diameter of the portal vein should never exceed
13mm
The left portal vein divides into _________ branches
medial and lateral
Most common reason for liver transplant is
hepatitis c
Clinical findings of hepatitis do not include
pericholecystic fluid
Hepatic mass associated with oral contraceptives is
hepatic adenoma
Reduction in ____ is not a clinical finding of HCC
AFP
Beckwith-Weidmann is associated with increased risk in developing
hepatoblastoma
Hepatization occurs when the gallbladder
fills with sludge
Painless jaundice, enlarged palpable gallbladder is suspicious for
courvoisier gallbladder
______ is the hormone that causes gallbladder to contract
cholecystokinin
The gallbladder is connected to the biliary tree by the
cystic duct
The junctional fold is found in the level of the
neck
Empyema denotes a gallbladder filled with
pus
Diameter of gallbladder should not exceed
5cm
Acute cholecystitis that leads to necrosis and abscess describes
gangrenous cholecystitis
Focal wall thickening with comet tail artifact is
adenomyomatosis
Intermittent obstruction of cystic duct by gallstones results in
chronic cholecystitis
______ is not a risk factor for gallstones
phrygian cap
Diabetic patients suffering from acute cholecystitis have increased risk for developing
emphysematous cholecystitis
Cholesterol crystals with in rokitansky-aschoff sinus are found with
adenomyomatosis
Courvoisier gallbladder associated with
pancreatic head mass
______ is caused by parasitic roundworm
ascariasis
What is associated with triangular cord sign
biliary atresia
Klatskin tumor is located at the
junction of the right and left hepatic ducts
The most distal portion of the biliary tree is the
CBD
Fever, leukocystosis, RUQ pain, dilated ducts, thickened wall with sludge is
cholangitis
Abdominal pain, weight loss and pruritus, dilated ducts that abruptly end is
cholangiocarcinoma
A klatskin tumor is a form of
cholangiocarcinoma
The biliary duct wall should never exceed
2mm
_______ segment of the biliary tree that dilates first
extrahepatic
Cystic dilation of CBD found in pediatric patients is
choledochal cyst
Patients 60 years old or older or after a cholecystectomy, max diameter of ____ is considered normal
1cm
Shortened pancreatic duct drains only pancreatic head is
pancreatic divisum
Production of glucagon is an
endocrine function
Maldevelopment of the 2 embryologic elements of pancrease and consequent obstruction of duodenum is
annular pancreas
Whipple procedure is performed on patients with
pancreatic carcinoma
What enzyme is released by the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid
sodium bicarbonate
_____ is least likely a complaint of pancreatic transplant
biloma
_____ is more specific for acute pancreatitis
lipase
Most common pancreatic transplantation is
exocrine enteric drainage
_____ is least likely to cause acute pancreatitis
hepatitis
______ are the most common islet cell tumor
insulinomas
_____ elevates first in presence of acute pancreatitis
amylase
A gastrinoma of the pancreas can produce
zolinger-ellison syndrome
_____ perform the exocrine function of the pancreas
acinar cells
What is the most likely vasculature complication of acute pancreatitis
thrombosis of the splenic vein
Arterial blood supply to the head of the pancreas is via
gastroduodenal artery
One clinical sign of insulinoma is presence of
hypoglycemia
The early sonographic appearance of acute pancreatitis is
normal
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is most often located in the ________ of the pancreas
body and tail
Coexisting obstruction of the CBD and pancreatic duct is referred to as
double-duct sign
The head of the pancreas is located ______ to the SMV, _____ to the IVC and ____ to the portal vein
right lateral, anterior, inferior
_____ is the hormone released by the pancreas that encourages the body’s use of glucagon
insulin
The spleen has a mass that contains calcifications with posterior shadowing, this is a
splenic hematoma
RLQ pain and nausea, small mass in splenic hilum isoechoic to spleen is
accessory spleen
Most common sonographic appearance of splenic hemangiomas is
echogenic
Multiple small echogenic foci scattered throughout with history of toxoplasmosis is
granulomas
____ marks the superior aspect of the pancreas body and tail
splenic artery
Most common cause of splenomegaly is
portal hypertension
_____ marks the posterior aspect of the pancreas body and tail
splenic vein
The spleen does not destroy
phagocystic cells
Long history of multiple sickle cell crises and subsequent splenic infarctions, only fraction of splenic tissue is seen is a
autosplenectomy
Most common location of an accessory spleen is
splenic hilum
Pancreatitis is not associated with
splenomegaly
Splenic process of cleaning red blood cells of unwanted material is
pitting
Congenital anomaly in which spleen is divided into 2 portions by a band of tissue is
splenic cleft
History of abdominal pain and histoplasmosis, you will identify multiple
granulomas
Splenic disease that results in development of granulomas within the slpeen and throughout the body is
sarcoidosis
Complex cyst that results from the parasitic infestation of the spleen by a tapeworm is a
hydatid cyst
Is a hepatoma benign or malignant
malignant
Angiosarcoma is often found in the
spleen
_____ is a tumor that consists of a group of inflammatory cells
granuloma
Most common childhood benign hepatic mass
hemangioendothelioma
What is not often seen with acalulous cholecystitis
cholelithiasis
The merging point of pancreatic duct and CBD at the level of the duodenum is
ampulla of vater
If a gallstone causing obstruction is located within the distal common hepatic duct, what becomes dilated
intrahepatic ducts
Most proximal portion of biliary tree is
intrahepatic radicles
Most common level for biliary obstruction is
distal CBD
Visualization of echogenic linear structures within the liver parenchyma that produce ring down
pneumobilia
______ is not a plausible cause of CBD obstruction in adults
choledochal cyst
Found in pediatric patients and described as cystic diliation of CBD
choledochal cyst
Production of _____ is not a pancreas exocrine function
glucagon
The accessory duct of the pancreas is the
duct of santorini
Name of main pancreatic duct is
duct of wirsung
Diffuse involvement of lymphoma or leukemia of the spleen will often lead to
splenomegaly
A sickle cell crisis will often lead to
splenomegaly
Implantation of ectopic splenic tissue possibly secondary to splenic rupture is
splenosis
What occurs in a duplex collecting system with complete ureteral duplication
upper pole suffers from obstruction because of ureterocele
Most common cause of chronic renal failure
diabetes mellitus
Inherited disorder associated with development of tumors of the central nervous system and orbits, renal cysts and adrenal tumors is
von hippel-lindau syndrome
Most common solid renal mass
angiomyolipoma
Systemic disorder associated with epilepsy that leads to development of solid tumors in various organs
tuberous sclerosis
Suspicious cortical thinning should occur when the renal cortex measures
less than 1cm
_______ is not considered an exrinsic cause of hydronephrosis
ureteral stricture
Clinical findings of nephrocalcinosis include
UTIs, urinary calculi and hyperparathyroidism
Renal condition associated with development of cysts within pancreas and liver is
ADPKD
Most common location for a urolithiasis to become lodged is the
ureterovesicular junction
Newborn suffered breif anoxia at birth and now has jaundice. You visualize a triangular-shaped heterogeneous mass superior right kidney which is a
adrenal hemorrhage
What is associated with conn syndrome
adrenal adenoma, hypertension and excessive thrist
The left suprarenal vein drains directly into the
left renal vein
Hyper functioning adrenal adenomas are associated with
cushing syndrome, conn syndrome and hypoechoic mass in the area of the adrenal gland
_______ is associated with hyponatremia
addison disease
The right adrenal gland is located
posterior and lateral to the IVC
The most common sonographic appearance of a pheochromocytoma is a
hyperechoic mass
Hypernatremia is associated with
conn syndrome
Neuroblastoma typically presents before the age of
5 years
The adrenal glands receive a portion of their blood supply from
suprarenal branches of inferior phrenic arteries, suprarenal branches of aorta and suprarenal branches of the renal arteries
In sagittal there is a circular anechoic vascular structure posterior to IVC
right renal artery
What are the branches of the celiac axis
hepatic artery, splenic artery and left gastric artery
The IVC terminates at the
right atrium
The veins seen attached to IVC just below the diaphragm are the
hepatic veins
The aorta originates at the
left ventricle
What are the sections of the IVC
postrenal, prerenal and hepatic
What is most likely the flow of the common iliac arteries
high resistance
What vessel may attach to the splenic vein before reaching the portal confluence
inferior mesenteric vein
Enlargement of the IVC and hepatic veins is seen with
right sided heart failure
Pseudomyxoma peritonei can result from
appendix cancer
Abnormality that is associated with red currant jelly stools is
intussusception
What other anomalies present as pyloric stenosis
midgut malrotation, pylorospasm and gastroesophageal reflux disease
When bowel protrudes into a weakened area in the lower 1/4 of the rectus abdominal muscle is a
spigelian hernia
Location of the McBurney point is
halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the umbilicus
Common clinical findings in infants with intussusception are
vomitting, red currant jelly stools and leukocystosis
Adult with LLQ pain, fever and bouts of constipation and diarrhea
diverticulitis
What muscle is situated closest to the spine
psoas
What is found in the clinical finding of retroperitoneal fibrosis
migraine medication use
Most common location of a retroperitoneal hematoma in hemophiliac patients is
psoas muscle
Separate mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue with its own blood supply is
pulmonary sequestration
The diagnosis of a pneumothorax is typically via
chest radiograph
Most common sonographic appearance of retroperitoneal fibrosis is a
hypoechoic mass surrounding the aorta
Common locations for abdominal lymph nodes are
mesentery, renal hilum and along length of the aorta
Patient with history of abdominal pain and weight loss. Multiple hypoechoic masses extend along anterior aorta
retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy
History migraine medication, weight loss, nausea, malaise. 15cm hypoechoic mass within abdomen is
retroperitoneal fibrosis
Pleural effusion that is associated with infection will appear
varying sonographic appearances have been noted
What is a hemophiliac
A person who has an inherited bleeding disorder that inhibits the control of blood clotting
Bengin congential cysts located superior to the thyroid gland near the hyoid bone are
thyroglossal duct cysts
A cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a
brachial cleft cyst
Parathyroid glands control the release and absorption of
calcium
Which gland is located immediately anterior to the ear
parotid gland
Which muscles are located posterior to each thyroid lobe
longus colli
Which muscles are located lateral to each thyroid lobe
sternocleidomastoid
A thyroid isthmus that measures greater than _____ is indicative of thyroid enlargement
10mm
What is the first branch of the ECA
superior thyroid artery
What hormone is most abundantly produced by the thyroid
thyroxine
Autoimmune disease that affects the glands that produce moisture, leading to dysfunction of the salivary glands, dryness of eyes, nose skin and mouth
sjogren syndrome
What type of gland is the thyroid gland
endocrine
Most common form of salivary gland cancer
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
What are the components of the spermatic cord
testicular artery, cremaster muscle and lymph nodes
Secondary varicoceles are associated with
right sided location, hepatomegaly and renal mass
Most common location of BPH is the
transitional zone
Common cyst most often seen in the head of the epididymis that contains nonviable sperm is the
spermatocele
Lab value that can be assessed as a tumor marker to evaluate a patient for testicular malignancy
AFP
23 year old man presents with history of infertility. What is associated with this
varicocele
Most common correctable cause of male infertility
varicocele
Patient complains of painful curvature of penis and impotence
peyronie disease
Exocrine function of testicle
sperm
Zinner syndrome consists of unilateral renal agenesis ejactulatory duct obstruction and
seminal vesicle cysts
Dilated veins of a varococele will measure
> 2mm
Endocrine function of the testicles is
testosterone
Spermatogenesis occurs within the
seminiferous tubules
Most common germ cell tumor of the testis
seminoma
Most common location of a varicocele
left side of scrotum
Sonographic appearance of a seminoma
hypoechoic
Clinical test for developmental hip dysplasia used to evaluate the hip for the reduction or relocation of a dislocated hip
ortolani
Palpable, oozing mass at the level of the natal cleft
pilonidal cyst
What is true of a lipoma
they feel no pain in the area of the mass
What are the keys to identifying foreign bodies with sonography
linear array should be used, most are better visualized with a stand off pad and comet tail artifact may be seen posterior to metallic objects
A partial tear of a tendon appears as
focal hypoechoic area within the tendon
Hyperemic flow within or around a structure is often indicative of
inflammation
Superficial lipomas may appear as
hypoechoic, isoechoic or hyperechoic
The malignant testicular tumor that consists of trophoblastic cells is the
choriocarcinoma
What form of hepatic abnormality are immunocompromised patients more prone to develop
candidiasis
What would be least likely to cause focal gallbladder wall thickening
ascites
Empyema of the gallbladder denotes
gallbladder filled with pus
A congenital disease in which there is narrowing or obliteration of the bile ducts is referred to as
biliary atresia
What disorder is associated with the sonographic triangular cord sign
biliary atresia
The most common echogenicity of an inflamed pancreas is
hypoechoic
The type of tissue within the spleen that is responsible for its phagocytic function is the
red pulp
The type of tissue within the spleen that is responsible for its lymphatic function is the
white pulp
What is the splenic process of cleaning red blood cells of unwanted material
pitting
The spleen removes irregular cells from the bloodstream through a process called
culling
The splenic artery originates at the
celiac trunk
What renal cystic disease would be most likely caused by, and thus associated with hemodialysis
acquired renal cystic disease
The presence of purulent material within the renal collecting system is termed
pyonephrosis
Which vascular structure may be confused for the main pancreatic duct
splenic artery
The hepatic artery should demonstrate
low resistance flow
Which vessel would be the shortest in length
right renal vein
The sonographic finding of fluid-filled, distended loops of bowel is consistent with
intestinal obstruction
What would be most likely a cause of colitis
antibiotic therapy
Which abnormality is associted with the sonographic findings of a thyroid inferno
graves disease
Which muscle does fibromatosis colli mostly affect
sternocleidomastoid
Which muscles are located posterior to each thyroid lobe
longus colli
Benign intratesticular mass that typically has a whorled or onion skin sonographic appearance
epidermoid cyst
What are the sonographic findings consistent with the diagnosis of testicular torsion
hypoechoic testis, reactive hydrocele, decreased intratesticular flow
The most common location of prostatic cancer is the
peripheral zone
What is consistent with the sonographic features of testicular abscess
hyperemic flow around the abscess but not within it
What would be the most likely sonographic appearance of a seminoma
hypoechoic
What technique is used to measure the relationship of the femoral head and acetabulum by evaluating the alpha and beta angles
graf
Clinical findings of a Baker cyst may mimic those of a
DVT
Sonographically, normal muscle appears as
hypoechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands
