Gallbladder Flashcards
acalculous cholecystitis
the inflammation of the gallbladder without
associated gallstones
adenomyomatosis
benign hyperplasia of the gallbladder wall
biliary colic
pain located in the right upper quadrant in the area of the
gallbladder
champagne sign
—the effect of dirty shadowing, reverberation, or ring down
artifact caused by gas or gas bubbles produced by bacteria within the
nondepedent gallbladder wall
cholecystokinin
the hormone produced by the duodenum that causes the
gallbladder to contract
cholesterolosis
a condition that results from the disturbance in cholesterol
metabolism and accumulation of cholesterol typically within a focal region
of the gallbladder wall; may be diffuse and referred to as a strawberry
gallbladder
courvoisier gallbladder
the clinical detection of an enlarged, palpable
gallbladder caused by a biliary obstruction in the area of the pancreatic head;
typically caused by a pancreatic head mass
emphysematous
abnormal distention of an organ with air or gas
empyema
the presence or collection of pus
hartmann pouch
an outpouching of the gallbladder neck
hemolytic anemia
a condition that results in the destruction of red blood
cells
hydropic gallbladder
an enlarged gallbladder; also referred to as
mucocele of the gallbladder
hyperalimentation
the intravenous administration of nutrients and
vitamins
hyperplastic cholecystosis
a group of proliferative and degenerative
gallbladder disorders which includes both adenomyomatosis and
cholesterolosis
kawasaki disease
a condition associated with vasculitis and can affect the lymph node, skin, and mucous membranes; also referred to as
mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
phrygian cap
gallbladder variant when the gallbladder fundus is folded
onto itself
postprandial
after a meal
rokitansky- aschoff sinuses
tiny pockets within the gallbladder wall
spiral valves of heister
folds located within the cystic duct that prevent it
from collapsing and distending
suppurative cholecystitis
complication of acute cholecystitis characterized
by pus accumulation within the gallbladder
tumefactive sludge
thick sludge
The most common location of gallstones is in the _____ because it is the
fundus, most dependent part of the gallbladder
When gallbladder disease is suspected, look for an elevation in
ALP, ALT, bilirubin, GGT and WBC
Adenomyomatosis is associated with
comet tail artifact
The presence of gallstones and a positive sonographic murphy sign is a strong indicator of
acute cholecystitis
Emphysematous cholecystitis is most often discovered in
diabetic patients
The identification of the calcified posterior wall of the gallbladder is helpful to differentiate
porcelain gallbladder from WES sign
Hepatization of the gallbladder occurs when the gallbladder:
A. perforates
B. becomes hydropic
C. fills with sludge
D. undergoes torsion
C
A 71 year old patient presents to the emergency department with painless jaundice and an enlarged palpable gallbladder. These findings are highly suspicious for:
A. acute cholecystitis
B. chronic cholecystitis
C. courvoisier gallbladder
D. porcelain gallbladder
C
The innermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the
A. fibromuscular layer
B. mucosal layer
B. serosal layer
D. muscularis layer
B
Which of the following would not be a laboratory finding typically
analyzed with suspected gallbladder disease?
A. ALP
B. ALT
C. bilirubin
D. AFP
D
The cystic artery is most often a direct branch of the
A. main pancreatic artery
B. celiac artery
C. right hepatic artery
C. left hepatic artery
C
The middle layer of the gallbladder wall is the
A. fibromuscular layer
B. mucosal layer
C. serosal layer
D. muscularis layer
A
Which structure is a useful landmark for identifying the gallbladder
A. main lobar fissure
B. hepatoduodenal ligament
C. falciform ligament
D. Ligamentum venosum
A
Which of the following would be least likely to cause focal gallbladder
wall thickening?
A. gallbladder polyp
B. adenomyomatosis
C. ascites
D. adhered gallstone
C
What hormone causes the gallbladder to contract
A. estrogen
B. cholecystokinin
C. bilirubin
D. biliverdin
B
The gallbaldder wall should measure no more than
A. 5mm
B. 6mm
C. 4mm
D. 3mm
D
Which of the following is associated with cholelithiasis and is
characteristically found in Africans or people of African descent?
A. sickle cell disease
B. gallbladder torsion
C. cholesterolosis
D. arland-berlin sundrome
A
The direct blood supply to the gallbladder is the:
A. cholecystic artery
B. common hepatic artery
C. main portal vein
D. cystic artery
D
The outermost layer of the gallbladder wall is the
A. fibromuscular layer
B. mucosal layer
C. serosal layer
D. muscularis layer
C
What part of the gallbladder is involved in hartmann pouch
A. neck
B. fundus
C. body
D. phrygian cap
A
The gallbladder is connected to the biliary tree by the:
A. common hepatic duct
B. common bile duct
C. cystic duct
D. right hepatic duct
C
At which level of the gallbladder is the junctional fold found
A. neck
B. fundus
C. body
D. phrygian cap
A
Empyeme of the gallbladder denotes
A. gallbladder hydros
B. gallbladder filled with pus
C. gallbladder completely filled with air
D. gallbladder completely filled with polyps
B
What is/are cholelithiasis
A. inflammation of the gallbladder
B. gallstones
C. hyperplasia of the gallbladder wall
D. polyps within the biliary tree
B
The diffuse polypoid appearance of the gallbladder referred to as
strawberry gallbladder is seen with
A. cholesterolosis
B. adeomyomatosis
C. cholangitis
D. kawasaki disease
A
The most common variant of gallbladder shape is the
A. phrygian cap
B. hartmann pouch
C. septated gallbladder
D. junctional fold
A
The diameter of the gallbladder should not exceed
A. 8cm
B. 5cm
C. 7cm
D. 3cm
B
Acute cholecystitis that leads to necrosis and abscess development within
the gallbladder wall describes:
A. emphysematous cholecystitis
B. gangrenous cholecystitis
C. chronic cholecystitis
D. gallbladder perforation
B
All of the following are sources of diffuse gallbladder wall thickening
except:
A. acute cholecystitis
B. AIDS
C. hepatitis
D> gallbladder polyp
D
Which statement is not true of cholelithiasis
A. Men have an increased likelihood of developing cholelithiasis.
B. Patients who have been or are pregnant have an increased occurrence
of cholelithiasis.
C. A rapid weight loss may increase the likelihood of developing
cholelithiasis.
D. Patients who have hemolytic disorders have an increased occurrence
of cholelithiasis
A
WES sign denotes
A. murphy sign
B. hepatitis
C. congestive heart failure
D. asymptomatic
C
Which of the following is the most likely clinical finding of
adenomyomatosis?
A. murphy sign
B. hepatitis
C. congestive heart failure
D. asymptomatic
D
Tumefactive sludge can resemble the sonographic appearance of:
A. cholelithiasis
B. gallbladder carcinoma
C. cholecystitis
D. adenomyomatosis
B
The champagne sign is associated with
A. adenomyomatosis
B. cholangiocarcinoma
C. emphysematous cholecystitis
D. acalculous cholecystitis
C
The sequela of acute cholecystitis that is complicated by gas within the
gallbladder wall is:
A. Emphysematous cholecystitis
B. Membranous cholecystitis
C. Chronic cholecystitis
D. Gallbladder perforation
A
A 32-year-old female patient presents to the sonography department with
vague abdominal pain. The sonographic investigation of the gallbladder
reveals a focal area of gallbladder wall thickening that produces comet
tail artifact. These findings are consistent with:
A. Gangrenous cholecystitis
B. Gallbladder perforation
C. Acalculous cholecystitis
D. Adenomyomatosis
D
Which of the following would not be the least likely finding of
acalculous cholecystitis?
A. gallbladder wall thickening
B. pericholecystic fluid
C. cholelithiasis
D. positive murphy sign
C
Intermittent obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone results in:
A. emphysematous cholecystitis
B. gangrenous cholecystitis
C. chronic cholecystitis
D. acute cholecystitis
C
Which of the following is not a risk factor for the development of
gallstones?
A. phrygian cap
B. pregnancy
C. total parenteral nutrition
D. oral contraceptive use
A
A nonmobile, nonshadowing focus is seen within the gallbladder lumen.
This most likely represents a:
A. gallstone
B. gallbladder carcinoma
C. gallbladder polyp
D. sludge ball
C
Focal tenderness over the gallbladder with probe pressure describes:
A. murphy sign
B. strawberry sign
C. courvoisier sign
D. hydrops sign
A
Diabetic patients suffering from acute cholecystitis have an increased risk
for developing:
A. Emphysematous cholecystitis
B. Gangrenous cholecystitis
C. Chronic cholecystitis
D. Gallbladder torsion
A
Cholesterol crystals within the Rokitansky–Aschoff sinuses are found with:
A. acute cholecystitis
B. acalculous cholecystitis
C. adenomyomatosis
D. gallbladder perforation
C
The spiral valves of Heister are found within the:
A. gallbladder neck
B. cystic duct
C. gallbladder fundus
D. gallbladder wall
B
With which of the following is Courvoisier gallbladder associated?
A. a pancreatic head mass
B. a stone in the cystic duct
C. cholecystitis
D. chronic diverticulitis
A
Calcificaion of the gallbladder wall is termed:
A. Concrete gallbladder
B. Heister syndrome
C. Porcelain gallbladder
D. Hyperplastic cholecystosis
C
What connects the gallbladder to the rest of the biliary system
cystic duct
The portion of the biliary tree that lies distal to the union of the cystic duct with the hepatic duct is the
common bile duct
Blood supply to the gallbladder is via the
cystic artery (small branch of the right hepatic artery)
Bile consequently flows from the gallbladder through the _______ and into the _______
cystic duct, common bile duct
Time patient should fast for GB sono and the optimal time
4 hours, 8 hours
Sources of diffuse gallbladder wall thickening
postprandial, acute cholecystitis, chronic cholecystitis, adenomyomatosis, hypoalbuminemia
What does WES stand for
wall echo shadow sign
What are the 6 Fs for cholelithiasis
fat, female, fertile, flatulent, fair, forty
