The Urinary Tract Flashcards
a cystic disease of the kidney that is often
the result of chronic hemodialysis
acquired renal cystic disease
an inflammation of the kidney or kidneys
acute pyelonephritis
the accumulation of the abnormal protein amyloid in the
kidneys and other organs that can lead to organ damage, as well as renal
failure
amyloidosis
a common benign renal tumor that consists of a network
of blood vessels, muscle, and fat
angiomyolipoma
an excess of urea or other nitrogenous compounds in the blood
azotemia
an outpouching of the urinary bladder wall
bladder diverticulum
an extension of the renal cortex located between the
renal pyramids
columns of bertin
the dilation of the renal collecting system at
birth
congenital hydronephrosis
the accumulation of calcium within the cortex of
the kidney
cortical nephrocalcinosis
the ability to sonographically
distinguish between the normal cortex and medullary portions of the kidney
corticomedullary differentiation
the muscle that controls the appropriate emptying of the
urinary bladder
detrusor muscle
growing outward
exophytic
the fibrous envelope of tissue that surrounds the kidney and
adrenal gland
gerota fascia
an infection of the kidney glomeruli
glomerulonephritis
an autoimmune disorder and form of
vasculitis associated with purple spots on the skin, gastrointestinal
complications, joint pain, and possibly kidney failure; mostly occurs in
childhood
henoch-schonlein purpura
the dilation of the renal collecting system resulting from
the obstruction of the flow of urine from the kidney(s) to the bladder; also
referred to as pelvocaliectasis or pelvicaliectasis
hydronephrosis
distension of the ureter with fluid because of obstruction
hydroureter
abnormally high levels of potassium in the blood
hyperkalemia
carcinoma of the kidney; also referred to as renal cell
carcinoma
hypernephroma
decreased blood volume
hypovolemia
an enzyme found within the blood that may be
used to monitor renal function; may also be used as a tumor marker
lactate dehydrogenase
the accumulation of calcium within the
medulla of the renal parenchyma
medullary nephrocalcinosis
a congenital disorder characterized by the
accumulation of calcium within abnormally dilated collecting ducts located
within the medulla
medullary sponge kidney
an abnormally enlarged urinary bladder
megacystis
division of the duplex collecting system, as in the upper pole
moiety and the lower pole moiety
moiety
a small mass located on the wall of a structure
mural nodules
the most common solid malignant pediatric abdominal
mass; may also be referred to as Wilms tumor
nephroblastoma
an accumulation of calcium within the renal parenchyma
nephrocalcinosis
the urinary stones located within the kidney; kidney stones
nephrolithiasis
a kidney disorder caused by damage to the glomeruli
that results in excess amounts of protein in the urine and the swelling of the
ankles, face, and feet because of accumulation of excess water
nephrotic syndrome
a bladder that is poorly functioning secondary to any
type of neurologic disorder
neurogenic bladder
a nuclear medicine examination of the urinary bladder
and ureters
nuclear cystogram
scant or decreased urine output
oliguria
a benign renal tumor that is often found in men in their 60s
oncocytoma
a small protrusion of tissue
papillary projection
a benign, solid adrenal tumor associated with
uncontrollable hypertension
pheochromocytoma
irregular thin membranes of tissue located
within the male posterior urethra that do not allow urine to exit the urethra
proteinuria—protein within the urine
posterior urethral valves
a syndrome that is a consequence of the abdominal
wall musculature being stretched by an extremely enlarged urinary bladder
prune belly syndrome
a benign renal mass
renal adenoma
the carcinoma of the kidney; also referred to as
hypernephroma
renal cell carcinoma
—a sharp pain in the lower back that radiates into the groin and is
typically associated with the passage of a urinary stone through the ureter
renal colic
the outer part of the renal parenchyma that is responsible for
filtration
renal cortex
an area in the kidney that becomes necrotic because of a
lack of oxygen
renal infarction
the inner part of the renal parenchyma that is responsible
for absorption
renal medulla
cone-shaped structures located within the renal medulla
that contains part of the nephron
renal pyramids
the portion of the kidney containing the minor calices, major
calices, renal pelvis, and infundibula
renal sinus
a blood clot located within the renal vein
renal vein thrombosis
enzyme produced by the kidneys that helps regulate blood pressure
renin
the two embryonic parenchymal tissue masses that combine to
create the kidney; singular form is renunculus
renunculi
a disease characterized by the buildup of fibrous
tissue within the retroperitoneum; this mass may involve the abdominal
aorta, inferior vena cava, ureters, and sacrum
retroperitoneal fibrosis
a large urinary stone that completely fills and takes the
shape of the renal pelvis
staghorn calculus
a treatment method for vesicoureteral reflux
disease that uses a bulking agent to elevate the ureteral orifice and distal
ureter, allowing for the normal flow of urine from the ureter into the bladder
subureteral teflon injection
muscular bundles
trabeculae
a malignant tumor of the urinary tract that is
often found within the urinary bladder or within the renal pelvis
transitional cell carcinoma
the area within the urinary bladder where
the two ureteral orifices and urethral orifice are located
trigone of the urinary bladder
a systemic disorder that leads to the development of
tumors within various organs
tuberous sclerosis
a tubular structure that is a remnant of embryonic development
which extends from the umbilicus to the apex of the bladder
urachus
jets of urine that are the result of urine being forced into the
urinary bladder from the ureters; can be demonstrated with color Doppler
imaging
ureteral jets
a localized collection of urine
urinoma
a benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus; may also
be referred to as a fibroid or uterine myoma
uterine leiomyoma
the abnormal retrograde flow of urine from the
urinary bladder into the ureter and possibly into the kidney(s)
vesicoureteral reflux
a radiographic examination that involves the
assessment of the urinary bladder and distal ureter for urinary reflux and
other abnormalities
voiding cystourethrogram
the most common solid malignant pediatric abdominal mass;
a malignant renal mass that may also be referred to as nephroblastoma
wilm’s tumor
a rare chronic form of
pyelonephritis that is typically the result of a chronic obstructive process
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
The most common location of an ectopic kidney is
within the pelvis
The most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract is the
duplex or duplicated collecting system
Echogenicity of the kidney and adjacent structures are as follows
renal medulla, renal cortex, liver, spleen, pancreas, diaphragm, renal sinus
The most common cause of ARF is
acute tubular necrosis
The most common cause of CRF is
diabetes mellitus
ADPKD is most often seen in ______. Just remember adults are ______
adults, dominant
MCDK is thought to be caused by an early ______. The MCDK kidney is
urinary tract obstruction, nonfunctional
Acquired renal cystic disease can result from
hemodialysis
Tuberous Sclerosis is associated with
multiple, bilateral renal angiomyolipomas
A renal scar will appear as an
echogenic area that extends from the renal sinus through the renal parenchyma
