ABD OVERVIEW Flashcards
Normal echogenicity of abdominal organs from brightest to darkest
renal sinus, pancreas, spleen, liver, renal cortex, renal pyramids, gallbladder
What is the STAR criteria for a simple cyst
smooth walls, demonstrate through transmission, be completely anechoic and round in shape
Patients who have some form of “itis” or possible even an abscess will most likely have an
abnormal WBC count with existing infection
Higher frequency equals
higher resolution, lower penetration
Lower frequency equals
lower resolution, higher penetration
Occurs when the sound beam strikes a structure in a non perpendicular manner, resulting in a loss if the true echogenicity of the structure
anisotropy
Blood returning from the heart from the system circulation is via the
SVC and IVC
The SVC and IVC empty into the
right atrium
What is the typical pattern of blood flow
arterioles, capillary, venule, vein
______ release their hormones directly into the bloodstream
endocrine glands
______ release their enzymes through ducts
exocrine glands
What are the endocrine organs or structures
adrenal glands, liver, ovaries, pancreas, parathyroid glands, pineal gland, pituitary glands, testicles, thyroid gland
What are the exocrine organs or structures
breast, pancreas, salivary glands, liver
A build up of lymphatic fluid caused by obstruction of this drainage process with subsequent swelling
lymphadema
Enlargement of lymph node
lymphadenopathy
The largest mass of lymphatic tissue is the
spleen
GALT stands for
gut-associated lymphoid tissue
BALT stands for
bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue
Consists of parietal and visceral layer
peritoneum
Structures only covered anteriorly with peritoneum
retroperitoneal
The word blast refers to
childhood malignancy
What are the intraperitoneal organs
gallbladder, liver (minus bare area), ovaries, spleen (except hilum), stomach
What are the retroperitoneal organs
abd lymph nodes, adrenal glands, aorta, ascending and descending colon, duodenum, IVC, kidneys, pancfreas, prostate gland, ureters, urinary bladder, uterus
anemia
a condition in which the red blood cell count or the hemoglobin is
decreased
chromaffin cells
the cells in the adrenal medulla that secrete epinephrine
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and norepinephrine
coagulopathies
disorders that result from the body’s inability to coagulate
or form blood clots also referred to as bleeding disorders
exudate ascites
a collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity
that may be associated with cancer
gastrin
hormone produced by the stomach lining that is used to regulate
the release of digestive acid
kaposi sarcoma
cancer that causes lesions to develop on the skin and
other places; often associated with AIDS
morrison pouch
the space between the liver and the right kidney; also
referred to as the posterior right subhepatic space
mural nodules
small solid internal projections of tissue originating from
the wall of cyst
nosocomial infections
hospital-acquired infections
oncocytes
large cells of glandular origin
pineal gland
endocrine gland located in the brain that secretes melatonin
space of retzius
the space between the urinary bladder and the pubic
bone; also referred to as the retropubic space
transudate ascites
a collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal
cavity often associated with cirrhosis
voiding cystourethrogram
a radiographic examination used to evaluate
the lower urinary tract, where a contrast agent is instilled into the urinary
bladder by means of urethral catheterization
Transitional cell carcinoma is commonly found in all of the following
locations except:
A. liver
B. renal pelvis
C. urinary bladder
D. ureter
A
A patient with cholecystitis most likely has an elevation in which of the
following labs?
A. AFP
B. WBC count
C. LDH
D. chromaffin
B
The neuroblastoma is a malignant pediatric mass commonly found in the:
A. kidney
B. liver
C. testicle
D. adrenal gland
BB
The pheochromocytoma is a benign mass commonly located in the:
A. testicle
B. thyroid gland
C. adrenal gland
D. liver
C
A tumor that is of similar echotexture to normal liver tissue is discovered
in the liver of an asymptomatic patient. What is the echogenicity of the
tumor?
A. echogenic
B. hypoechoic
C> isoechoic
D. hypodense
C
Which of the following is not considered to be an intraperitoneal organ?
A. liver
B. pancreas
C. gallbladder
D. spleen
B
Which of the following are not considered retroperitoneal organs?
A. abdominal lymph nodes
B. adrenal glands
C. kidneys
D. ovaries
D
What is another name for Morrison pouch?
A. posterior right subhepatic space
B. anterior subhepatic space
C. posterior cul de sac
D. anterior cul de sac
A
The hypernephroma may also be referred to as the:
A. nephroblastoma
B. neuroblastoma
C. HCC
D. renal cell carcinoma
D
A type of reverberation artifact caused by several small, highly reflective
interfaces, such as gas bubbles, describes:
A. mirror image artifact
B. posterior shadowing
C. comet tail artifact
D. ring down artifact
C
The term cholangiocarcinoma denotes
A. bile duct carcinoma
B. hepatic carcinoma
C. pancreatic carcinoma
D. splenic carcinoma
A
Which of the following occurs when the Doppler sampling rate (pulserepetition frequency) is not high enough to display the Doppler frequency
shift?
A. doppler noise
B. aliasing
C. mirror image
D. twinkle artifact
B
The hepatoma is a
A. benign tumor of the spleen
B. benign tumor of the liver
C. malignant tumor of the pancreas
D. malignant tumor of the liver
D
The hepatoblastoma is a
A. benign tumor of the pediatric liver
B. malignant tumor of the adult liver
C. Malignant tumor of the pediatric liver
D. malignant tumor of the pediatric adrenal gland
C
Which of the following is the space located between the pancreas and the
stomach?
A. morrison pouch
B. lesser sac
C. space of retzius
D. pouch of douglas
B
Which of the following is another name for the Wilms tumor?
A. nephroblastoma
B. hepatoblastoma
C. neuroblastoma
D. hepatoma
A
An angiosarcoma would most likely be discovered in the:
A. rectum
B. gallbladder
C. spleen
D. pancreas
C
Which of the following is not an endocrine organ or structure?
A. thymus
B. pancreas
C. thyroid
D. spleen
D
Which of the following is an artifact that alters the echogenicity of a
tendon?
A. acoustic enhancement
B. anisotropy
C. ring down artifact
D. mirror image artifact
B
The gastrinoma would most likely be discovered in the:
A. pancreas
B. adrenal gland
C. stomach
D. spleen
A
Of the list below, which is considered to be an intraperitoneal organ?
A. left kidney
B. aorta
C. IVC
D. liver
D
Which of the following is considered to be a malignant testicular
neoplasm?
A. neuroblastoma
B. hepatoma
C. yolk sac tumor
D. hamartoma
C
Which of the following is caused by the bending of the ultrasound beam
when it passes through an interface between two tissues with vastly
dissimilar speeds of sound and the angle of the approach is not
perpendicular?
A. comet tail
B. refraction
C. reverberation
D. acoustic enhancement
B
These potential spaces extend alongside the ascending and descending
colon on both sides of the abdomen.
A. paracolic gutters
B. periumbilical gutters
C. greater gutters
D. pericentric gutters
A
This common tumor of the kidney consists of blood vessels, muscle, and fat.
A. hemangioma
B. angiomyolipoma
C. oncocytoma
D. lipoma
B
Which of the following is not a salivary gland?
A. thyroid gland
B. parotid gland
C. submandibular gland
D. sublingual gland
A
Which of the following is not a pediatric malignant tumor?
A. hepatoblastoma
B. neuroblastoma
C. pheochromocytoma
D. nephroblastoma
C
A tumor that consists of tissue from all three germ cell layers is the:
A. pheochromocytoma
B. hamartoma
C. adrenal rest tumor
D. teratoma
D
Which of the following laboratory values would be most helpful in
evaluating a patient who has suffered from recent trauma?
A. WBC count
B. AFP
C. BUN
D. Hematocrit
D
The insulinoma is a
A. malignant pediatric adrenal tumor
B. benign pancreatic tumor
C. malignant pediatric tumor
D. benign liver tumor
B
A tumor that consists of a group of inflammatory cells best describes the:
A. hematoma
B. hepatoma
C. lymphoma
D. granuloma
D
A tumor that consists of a focal collection of blood best describes the:
A. hematoma
B. hamartoma
C. lipoma
D. angiomyolipoma
A
Which of the following is a tumor marker that may be used in cases of
suspected testicular malignancy?
A. BUN
B. creatine
C. beta-hCG
D. calcitonin
C
The malignant testicular tumor that consists of trophoblastic cells is the:
A. cholangiocarcinoma
B. yolk sac tumor
C. teratoma
D. insulinoma
A
What is the artifact most likely encountered posterior to a gallstone?
A. acoustic enhancement
B. shadowing
C. ring down
D. reverberation
B
A collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity often
associated with cancer is termed:
A. transudate ascites
B. chromaffin ascites
C. peritoneal ascites
D. exudate ascites
D
Which of the following is not a rule of surgical asepsis?
A. If you recognize that an item has become nonsterile, act immediately.
B. If one sterile person must pass another, they must pass face-to-face.
C. A sterile field must never be left unmonitored. If a sterile field is left
unattended, it is considered nonsterile.
D. A sterile person does not lean across a sterile field.
B
Which of the following occurs behind strong, granular, and irregular
surfaces like crystals, calculi, or calcifications such as a kidney stone?
A. twinkle artifact
B. refraction
C. anisotropy
D. side lobes
A
Which of the following has both an endocrine and an exocrine function?
A. adrenal glands
B. spleen
C. pancreas
D. duodenum
C
