Wounds and Hemo

Question 1

function of ECM (5)`

Answer 1

1. provide turgor by sequestering water or rigidity by sequestering minerals
2. reservoir for secreted GFs
3. framework for cells to adhere, migrate, and proliferate in
4. mediates cell-cell interactions
5. site of remodeling during wound repair

Question 2

macromolecules that make up ECM (3)

Answer 2

1. fibrous structural proteins (collagen, elastin)
2. adhesive glycoproteins (CAM)
3. proteoglycans and HA

Question 3

Types of collagen

Answer 3

I: most common in mammals, bone, tendon, mature scars, skin
II. articular and hyaline cart
III. looser, embryonic, bl vessels, uterus, GI tract, 1st collagen deposited during wound healing
IV: BMs, non-fibrillar

Question 4

what are proteoglycans?

Answer 4

repeating polymers of disaccharides bound to protein core

forms and ECM scaffold for tissue structure and permeability

Question 5

what secretes fibronectin?

Answer 5

fibroblasts
macrophages
endothel cell

Question 6

disaccharides in proteoglycans

Answer 6

chondroitin
sulfate
heparan sulfate
dermatan sulfate

Question 7

hyaluronic acid

Answer 7

repeating polysacc w/o protein core

can binds lots of water–> forms viscous gel
–>resistance to compression

depositing early during wound healing to facilitate cell migration and profil

prevents cell-cell adhesion

Question 8

TGF-b

Answer 8

SCARS

inc fibroblast prolif/migration
inc collagen and fibronectin syn
dec degrade of ECM
chemotactic for monocytes

Question 9

pleural effusion

Answer 9

hydrothoraz, fluid in pleural space

Question 10

ascites

Answer 10

hydroperioneum, fluid in abdom cavity

Question 11

anasarca

Answer 11

severe generalized edema w/ diffuse subQ swelling

Question 12

categories of edema (5)

Answer 12

1. inc hydrostatic P/impaired venous return
2. dec plasma oncontic P (hypoproteinema)
3. lymphatic obstuction
4. Na retention
5. inflam

Question 13

petechiae vs purpura

Answer 13

pinpoint hemorrhages on skin, mucosal surfaces

petechiae: 1-2 mm 
low platelets (thrombocytopenia)

purpura: >3 mm
**small vessel vasculitis
low platelets
(purpura fulminans = diffuse over whole body)

Question 14

genetic mutations that lead to primary hypercoagulability

Answer 14

1. factor V Leiden mutation (AKA: activated protein C resistance): resistance of factor V to cleavage by act. protein C (component of anticoag)
2. mut in prothrombin gene –> inc prothrombin in serum