Cell Injury

Question 1

neoplasia

Answer 1

cell proliferation w/o stim, runs on its own

Question 2

4 situations that result in intracell accumulation

Answer 2

1. abnormal metabolism (not removed fast enough)
2. defect in protein folding/transport
3. lack of enzyme
4. exogenous material ingestion

Question 3

lipofuscin

Answer 3

brown-yellow granular cyto pigment from incomplete breakdown of wear and tear fragments
*aging pts, heart and liver

Question 4

hemosiderin

Answer 4

golden, yellow-brown granular/crystalline cyto pigment made of iron bound to ferritin protein

Question 5

necroptosis

Answer 5

initiated by programmed signal transduction events (apoptosis like) and results in loss of mem -> inflam (necrosis like)

Question 6

pyroptosis

Answer 6

initiated by programmed signal transduction events (apoptosis like) and results in loss of mem -> inflam (necrosis like)

Question 7

consequences of dec ATP (5)

Answer 7

1. failure of pl mem Na/K pump
2. switch to anaerobic meta
3. Ca ion pump fails
4. protein sun equipment damage
5. abnorm protein folding

Question 8

consequences of mito damage (2)

Answer 8

1. MPTP forms

2. mito proteins leak and trigger apoptosis

Question 9

consequences of mem damage/loss of Ca homeo (3)

Answer 9

1. MPTP opens
2. enzymes activated
3. caspases activated

Question 10

consequences of oxidative stress (3)

Answer 10

1. lipid peroxidation in membranes
2. oxidative modification of proteins
3. DNA lesions

Question 11

enzymes that remove free radicals

Answer 11

superoxide dismutase
catalase
glutathione peroxidase

Question 12

consequences of defects in mem perm (4)

Answer 12

1. loss of mem potential
2. loss of osmotic balance
3. cell contents leak out
4. enzyme release from lysosomes

Question 13

nuclear pyknosis

Answer 13

small, dark chromatin due to chromatin condensation

also chromatin cleavage (apoptosis)
OR nucleus shrinkage (necrosis)

Question 14

karyolysis

Answer 14

fading of chromatin

Question 15

karyorrhexis

Answer 15

chromatin fragmentation