Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Surgery > Wound Healing > Flashcards

Wound Healing Flashcards

1
Q

Ehlers Danlos Syndrome commonly presents as

A

Recurrent hernia (inguinal)
Coagulopathy
Platelet abnormality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Defect in collagen formation over half of affected manifesting genetic defects encoding alpha chains of type V

Friable skin
Easy bruisibility
Poor wound healing
Atrophic scar formation
Hyperextensible joints
A

Ehlers Danlos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
Tall stature
Arachnodactyly
Lax ligament
Myopia
Scoliosis
Pectus excavum
Aneurysm of ascending aorta
Hernia
No delay in wound healing despite skin hyperextensibility
A

Marfan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Genetic defect in Marfan

A

Mutation in FBN1 encoding for fibrillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Investigation of RLQ of abdomen for retraction which is an indication of intussuseption

A

Dance’s sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sausage shaped mass in right abdomen

Currant jelly stool

Vomiting

A

Intussuseption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Intussuseption xray finding

A

Coiled spring sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Most common GI emergency in neonatal period

A

NEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Most common risk factor in NEC

A

prematurity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Radiographic sign in NEC

A

Pneumatosis intestinalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neonatal infection resulting from inadequate care of umbilical cord

Umbilical stump is colonized with bacteria from maternal genital tract and environment

Spreads to abdominal wall or to umbilical or portal vessel liver and peritoneum resulting in sepsis

A

Omphalitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most common site of necrotizing enterocolitis

A

proximal colon

distal ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mutation in FBN1 gene cause increased

A

TGFB signalling aortic wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q 
Brittle bones
Osteopenia
Low muscle mass
Hernia 
Ligament and joint laxity
A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

OI is a mutation in

A

Type I Collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

OI is also caused by mutation in the enzyme that cleaves c-terminal proline and hydroxyproline

A

prolidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

AD
Mild bone fragility
Blue sclera

A

OI Type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q 
Prenatal lethal
AD
Crumpled long bones
Thin ribs
Dark blue sclera
A

OI Type II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Progressively deforming, multiple fracture
Early loss of ambulation
AD/AR

A

OI Type III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mild to moderate bone fragility
AD
Normal or gray sclera
Mild short stature

A

OI Type IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Blistering and ulceration
Impairment in tissue adhesion within epidermis, bm, dermis resulting in tissue separation and blistering with minimal trauma

A

Epidermolysis bullosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dystrophic
AR
Epidermolysis bullosa is caused by mutation in this gene important in connecting epidermis to dermis

A

COL7A1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Epidermolysis bullosa types

A

Simplex
Junctional
Dystrophic
Kindler’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Multiple blisters throughout different layers of skin

A

Kindler’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
AR In children, inability to absorb sufficient zinc from breast milk or food affecting uptake of zinc in intestine and preventing binding Mutation in gene SLC39A4 Impaired granulation tissue formation Cofactor for DNA polymerase Erythematous pustular dermatitis of extremity and bodily orifice Dx: low blood zinc level (>100)
Acrodermatitis enterohepatica
26
disease with deficient reduced NADPH dependent oxide enzyme impairing intracellular killing of microorganism
Chronic granulomatous disease
27
Used to dx CGD
Nitroblue tetrazolium
28
Stored and secreted by anterior pituitary and by pools located within macrophage Reverses antiinflammatort effects of cortisol
Macropphage Migration Inhibiting Factor
29
Promote protein synthesis Insulin resistance Enhance mobilization of fat stores
GH | IGF-I
30
Produced by chromaffin cells Elevated postinjury 24-48 hours before returning to baseline
Catecholamines NE Epi
31
Hyperglycemia during critical illness has immunosuppressive effects and thus is associated with an increased risk for infection
Insulin
32
<24 h Role: Maintenance of blood volume Catecholamines, cortisol, aldosterone ``` Dec BMR Dec O2 VASOCONSTRICTION Inc CO Inc HR ```
Ebb phase
33
3-10 days (Catabolic) Role: Maintenance of energy Inc insulin 10-60 days (Anabolic) Recovery Growth hormone, IGF
Flow phase
34
Stress induced hyperglycemia is primarily due to
Peripheral resistance to insulin
35
Reduced resting energy expenditure is characteristic of this phase of surgical metabolism
Ebb phase
36
SIRS Criteria
2 or more of the following Temp >/= 38.0 100.4 or = 36.0 96.8 HR >90 RR > 20 PaCO2 <32 mmHg or mechanical ventilation WBC >/= 12,000 or = 4,000 or >10% band forms
37
Sepsis
Source of infection + SIRS
38
Severe sepsis
Sepsis + Organ dysfunction
39
Septic shock
Sepsis + Cardiovascular collapse (requiring vasopressor support)
40
Induces cachexia and muscle breakdown
TNF a | cachectin
41
Promotes lymphocyte proliferation, immunoglobulin production
IL 2
42
Induces fever
IL 1
43
Primary source of energy during stress state
fat 50-80% TAG lipase
44
Cornerstone of management of sepsis
Fluid resuscitation
45
Vasopressor first line for sepsis
NE
46
qSOFA criteria
2 or more SBP <100 mmHg RR >20/min Glasgow coma scale <14 >1 sepsis mortality 10%
47
Vasodilation in sepsis
NO
48
Elicited by all immunologic cells as mediator or acute phase response
IL 6
49
Chemoattractant
IL 8
50
Activates macrophage
IFN gamma
51
Two principle neuroendocrine pathways that orchestrate host response
HPA axis - glucocorticoids | Sympathetic Nervous System - catecholamines
52
Marker of cytokine storm in COVID
Ferritin
53
Characteristic early acid base picture of sepsis
Respiratory alkalosis Hyperventilation Tachypnea Blow off CO2 hypocarbia R alkalosis
54
Acid base picture of late sepsis
Metabolic acidosis
55
Cytokines capable of increasing cortisol release
IL 2 | IFN gamma
56
What factors contribute to release of ACTH
``` Pain Anxiety Vasopresson Angiotensin II Cholecysetokinin Vasoactive intestinal peptide Catecholamine ```
57
Natural ligand for GH-secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a) Appetite stimulant that is secreted by the stomach Play a role in promoting GH secretion and in glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and immune function
Ghrelin
58
Gives rise to Dehydroepiandrosterone Androstenedione Testosterone Estradiol
17 alpha OH pregnenolone
59
Pregenolone gives rise to
Progesterone
60
Precursor of estradiol
Testosterone
61
Enzyme that converts testosterone to estradiol
Aromatase
62
3 aromatase inhibitors
Anastrazole - strongest Letrozole Exemestane
63
Aromatase inhibitors in pregnancy cause
Virilization | Ambiguous genitalia
64
Competitive inhibitor of aromatase enzyme
Vorozolew
65
Most common cause of adrenal insufficiency atrophic adrenal glands
Endogenous steroid
66
Positive predictor of ICU survival in septic patients
High ghrelin
67
Hormone opposite of ghrelin
Leptin
68
Hyperglycemia from decreased insulin release is from stimulation of
a adrenergic receptors
69
What vasodilator will affect insulin secretion/ inhibits by opening K channels of beta cells Tx for islet cell tumor, insulinoma
Diazoxide
70
Phase I wound healing
Hemostasis and inflammation
71
Phase II wound healing
Proliferation
72
Phase III wound healing
Maturation and remodelling
73
Second population of inflammatory cells that invade the wound Remain present until the wound healing is complete Debridement and microbial stasis
Macrophage
74
Major cell responsible for contraction of wound
Myofibroblast
75
Produced from Healing wound Granuloma Reticular fibers
Type III collagen
76
Peaks about 1 week post injury Serves as bridge
T lymphocytes
77
Connects inflammatory to proliferative phase
T lymphocyte
78
Debridement and microbial stasis First infiltrating cell to enter wound site
PMN
79
Tissue continuity is re-established Involves arrival of fibroblast and endothelial cells
Proliferation
80
Reorganization of previously synthesized collagen
Maturation and remodelling
81
3 matrix formed during maturation
Type III collagen early matrix Proteoglycan Type I collagen final matrix
82
Stimulate epithelialization of wound that was affected by steroid delayed healing
Vit A
83
Ulcer seen in chronic non-healing wound | Precursor to SCC
Marjolin’s ulcer
84
Dilute sodium chloride used in contaminated wounds
Dakin’s solution
85
Amino acid that is most active in terms of wound fibroplasia
Arginine
86
Epithelialization of a sutured wound
24-48 hours
87
Carries highest SSSI rate
Colorectal surgery
88
Stage IV bed sore Plan to do a flap Where will you get the flap?
Gluteus max flap

Surgery (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions