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Surgery > Otolaryngology > Flashcards

Otolaryngology Flashcards

1
Q

Cauliflower deformity
Boxer
Repeated trauma

A

Perichondritis

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2
Q

Painful vesicles on ear

Neuropathic pain

A

Herpes zoster

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3
Q

Painful ear infection

A

External otitis

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4
Q

Painless ear infection

A

Otitis media

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5
Q

Most common organism that causes otitis externa

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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6
Q

Causes swimmer’s ear

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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7
Q

Herpes zoster oticus complication

A

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

Facial paralysis

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8
Q

Obstructed apopilosebaceous unit ob lateral 1/3 of posterosuperior canal by Staph aureus

A

Furunculosis

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9
Q

Otomycosis is caused by

A

Aspergillus flavus, nigra (immunocompetent)

Candida (immunocompromised DM, steroids)

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10
Q

Cottonball appearance on otoscopy

A

Otomycosis

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11
Q

Perichondritis is caused by

A

Necrosis of ear cartilage

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12
Q

Atresia of external auditory canal

Complete absence of middle ear cleft and profound sensorineural deafness

A

Microtia

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13
Q

Hereditary Deafness
Glomerular Nephritis
defect in Type IV Collagen (Basement membrane)

A

Alport syndrome

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14
Q

Ears which stand out from side of head due to inc angle from posterior auricle and skull
Loss of antihelical fold

A

Lop Ear deformity

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15
Q

Most common inherited syndrome causing hearloss

A

Branchio-oto-renal Syndrome

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16
Q

Bilateral in 25-50%

5x risk of general population for permanent hearing impairment

A

Pre auricular sinus/pits

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17
Q

Tensor tympani In

A

Trigeminal V

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18
Q

Stapedius in

A

Seventh Facial

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19
Q

Hyperacusis in Bell’s is bec of

A

Involvement of Facial n that supply stapedius. Foot plate of stapes communicates with oval window

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20
Q

Ruptured tympanic membrane

Otorrhea

A

Stage 3 Suppuration OM

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21
Q

Mastoid
Decalcification, osteoclastic reaction
Mastoid coalescence
Mastoiditis

A

Stage 4 Coalescence OM

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22
Q

OM Complications

A

Mastoiditis
Choleastoma
Meningitis

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23
Q

Stage 5 OM

A

Resolution

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24
Q

Coalescence
Extra or intracranial complication
Temporal brain abscess

A

Stage 6 Complication OM

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25
Q

Frontal lobe abscess

A

Recurrent sinusitis

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26
Q

COM etiologic agent

A

Pseudomonas
Proteus
Strep

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27
Q

Waldeyer’s ring (6)

A

Paired
Palatine/Faucial
Tubal/Gerlach

Unpaired
Adenoids
Lingual

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28
Q

Protrusion of both sides of tongue

Depression of tongue

A

Genioglossus

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29
Q

Retraction of tongue

A

Styloglossus

Hyoglossus

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30
Q

Epithelium in oral cavity

A

Stratified squamous

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31
Q

Tongue of men

90% of oral cavity cancer

A

SCC of tongue

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32
Q

In tongue SCC assess

A

Mobilitt
Ability to cross midline
Location (base)

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33
Q

Tonsils virtually in contact with each other

Kissing tonsils

A

Brodsky Grade 4

Airway obstruction

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34
Q

Pathogen causing 20% of common colds

A

Rhinovirus

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35
Q

Causes 5% of colds

A

Coronavirus

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36
Q

Bacterial pathogen tonsilltis 15-30%

A

Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes

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37
Q

Group A Beta Hemolytic Strep causes

A

Rheumatic fever

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38
Q

Causes 5% of most bacterial pathogenic tonsillitis

A

Streptococcus Group C

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39
Q

Dangerous Triangle of Face

Arteries

A

Superior labial mouth
Angular
Facial

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40
Q

Infection arising from danger triangle of face

A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

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41
Q

Trigeminal nerve V1

A

Ophthalmic:
Nasociliary - tip of nose
External nasal
Infratrochlear

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42
Q

Nerve for facial nerve grafting

A

Sural nerve

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43
Q

Dangerous space in pharynx

A

Retropharyngeal space

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44
Q

Fracture of walls of floor of orbit

A

Blow out fracture

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45
Q

Pathognomonic of orbital floor fracture

A

Tear drop sign

Orbital fat or muscle that herniates into maxillary sinus

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46
Q

Lefort I

A

Horizontal
Maxillary
Guerin fracture

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47
Q

Lefort II

A

Pryamidal fracture

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48
Q

Lefort III

A

Crosses orbital sockets
Craniofacial dysfunction
Calvarium separates from facial bone
Pan face deformity

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49
Q

Tripod Malar Fracture (3)

A

Orbital floor fx
Fx of lateral wall of maxillary antrum
Zygomatic arch fx

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50
Q

Most common site of mandibular fracture

A

Condylar fracture (36%)

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51
Q

Most common fractured facial bone

A

Nasal

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52
Q

Deviated septum

Epistaxis

A

Nasal fracture

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53
Q

Cavernous sinus content (5)

A 
CN III
CN IV
CN V1, V2
CN VI
ICA
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54
Q

Cavernous sinus thrombosis pathway

A

Inferior ophthalmic/Labial vein
Facial vein
Dangerous area of face
CVS

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55
Q

V1 exits on

A

Superior orbital foramen

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56
Q

V2 exits on

A

Foramen Rotundum

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57
Q

V3 exits on

A

Foramen ovale

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58
Q

Blood supply of nose

A

Sphenopalatine artery

59
Q

Sphenopalatine artery gives rise to

A

Kiesselbach’s plexus Anterior

Woodruff’s plexus Posterior

60
Q

Site of bleeding during epistaxis

A

Kiesselbach’s plexus

61
Q

Most common site of nasopharyngeal CA

A

Fossa of Rosenmuller

62
Q

Fossa of Rosenmueller is also

A

Posterolateral recess

63
Q

Innervation of Parotid Gland

A

CN IX

64
Q

Parotid gland secretion

A

serous

65
Q

Koplik’s spots

A

Stensen’s duct of parotid gland

66
Q

Paranasal sinuses (4)

A

Sphenoidal
Ethmoidal
Frontal
Maxillary

67
Q

Sinus at birth

A

Maxillary

Ethmoid

68
Q

Largest sinus

A

Maxillary

69
Q

Paranasal sinus fxn (2)

A

Resonance of sound

To make bones of skull lighter

70
Q

Drainage of tears

A

Nasolacrimal duct

Inferior nasal and meatus

71
Q

Removes levels I to V CLN
Spinal Accessory
IJV
SCM

A

Radical Neck Dissection

72
Q

Removes same level of lymphatics as in radical

Preserves CN XI, IJV and SCM

A

Modified Radical Neck dissection

73
Q

Most common benign salivary tumor

A

Pleorphic adenoma

74
Q

Tumor of only the Parotid Gland

A

Warthin’s tumor

75
Q

Most common malignant salivary gland tumor

A

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

76
Q

Most common submandibular and minor salivary gland malignancy

A

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

77
Q

Kiesselbach’s plexus

A

Great palatine
Anterior ethmoidal
Sphenopalatine
Superior labial

78
Q

Woodruff’s plexus

A

Ascending pharyngeal
Sphenopalatine
Posterior nasal

79
Q

Common to Kiesselbach’s and Woodruff’s

A

Sphenopalatine

80
Q

Most common site of nasopharyngeal tumor

A

Fossa of Rosenmuller

Poserolateral recess

81
Q

MC presentation of NPCA

Rf

A

Epistaxis

Smoking
EBV

82
Q

Troublesome bleeding after tonsillectomy is caused by

A

damage of external palatine vein lateral to tonsils at tonsillar fossa

83
Q

Rima Glottidis

A

Opening between true vocal cord and arytenoid

84
Q

Paired tonsils

A

Adenoid

Lingual

85
Q

Infection from deep neck space enters mediastinum through

A

substernal space of Burns

between superficial and deep fascia

86
Q

Nerve supply of parotid gland

A

CN IX

87
Q

Nerve that dissects parotid gland to superficial and deep lobes

A

CN VII

88
Q

Sinuses present at birth

A

Ethmoid

Maxillary

89
Q

Sphenoid sinus forms at

A

5 y/o

90
Q

Frontal sinus forms at

A

7-8 y/o

91
Q

Nasolacrimal duct drains at the

A

Inferior nasal conchae

92
Q

Largest sinus

present at birth

A

Maxillary

93
Q

Paired brachial arches and clefts form at

A

4 weeks

94
Q

From second arch

A

Reichart’s cartilage

95
Q

Reichart’s cartilage differentiates into

A 
Stapes
Styloid p
Stylohyoid ligament
Lesser horn of the hyoid
Superior part of body of hyoid
96
Q

Second arch muscular derivative

A 
Muscles of scalp and face
Platysma
Stylohyoid
Stapedius
Posterior belly of digastric
97
Q

Vascular element of second arch

A

Stapedial artery

98
Q

Arch 1

A

Meckel’s cartilage

99
Q

Arch 2

A

Reichert’s cartilage

100
Q

Precancerous whitish patch

A

Leukoplakia

101
Q

Precancerous biopsy finding of oral lesion

A

Dysplasia

102
Q

Most oral cavity CA are

A

epidermal in origin

103
Q

Most common type of oral cavity cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma

104
Q

Leukoplakia is strongly assoc with

A

smoking

105
Q

Virus that causes oral hairy leukoplakia

A

EBV

106
Q

Factors to predispose oral cavity CA

A 
Cigarette
Betel nut chewing
Alcohol
Poor oral hygiene
Ill fitting denture
107
Q

Oral cavity cancer sx

A 
Pain
LOM of tongue
Bleeding
Lump in neck
Dysphagia or odynophagia
Leukoplakia
Tumor w or w/o ulcerarion
Cervical LAD
Neuro signs: CN XII (motor) Mental nerve (sensory)
108
Q

Anterior 2/3 sensory innervation

A

Facial nerve

Mental nerve

109
Q

Oral cavity cancer dx

A

Panoramic radiograph - sockets, teeth, mandibular border
CT scan
Biopsy

110
Q

Oral cavity cancer Surgery tx

A

1-2cm margin

Neck dissection

111
Q

Oral cavity cancer chemotherapt

A

Cisplatin

5-FU

112
Q

Cisplatin causes

A

Ototoxicity

Nephrotoxicity

113
Q

5-FU inhibits

A

thymidilate synthase

114
Q

M>F
75% occur after 50
85% SCC

A

Nasal ca

115
Q

M>F
95% after 40
80% SCC

A

Paranasal sinus ca

116
Q

Nasal ca sx

A 
Nasal obstruction
Foul smelling
Nasal d/c
Lymph node metastasis
Epistaxis 
Bulging cheek
117
Q

Nasal ca risk factor

A

Smoking
Occupational (woodworker, learher tanning and mining)
Chronic sinusitis - metaplasia

118
Q

Bacteria for pretanning of leather

A

Bacillus

119
Q

Nasal ca dx

A

CT scan

biopsy

120
Q

Nasal ca tx

A

Maxillectomy
Orbital exenterartion
Lymphatic metastasis

121
Q

Nasal ca poor prognosis

A

Advance stage
Complex anatomy
Spread beyond the sinus

122
Q

Angiomas are found in

A

septum

inferior turbinate

123
Q

Nasal polyp with interstitial fluid, connective and vascular tissue

A

Hemangiomatous polyp

124
Q

Benign tumor un adolescent males

A

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

125
Q

Vascular tumor tx

A 
Surgical excision
Radiation
Cryosurgery
Hormonal therapy
Selective thromboembolism
126
Q

Largest salivary gland
Serous
Duct: Stensen’s
Opens into oral vestibule opposite upper second molar tooth

A

Parotid gland

127
Q

Post gustatory sweating due to damage to auriculotemporal and great auricular nerve from trauma

A

Frey syndrome

128
Q

Frey syndrome nerve

A

Auriculotemporal

Great auricular nerve

129
Q

Arnold’s nerve is auricular branch of the

A

Vagus

130
Q

Stimulus intended for saliva production results to sweating

A

Frey syndrome

131
Q

Floor of the mouth
Serous> mucous

Duct: Wharton’s

A

Submandibular gland

132
Q

Smallest
Mixed secrerion mucous>serous

Ducts: rivinu and bartholin

A

Sublingual

133
Q

Throughout oral cavity, nasopharynx, sinus, trachea and bronchi

A

Minor salivary

134
Q

Anterior to tongue

A

Gland of blandin

135
Q

Connected to circumvalate papillae

A

Gustatory glands of Ebner

136
Q

75-85% of Parotid tumors are

A

benign

137
Q

Malignant salivary tumors occur in

A

Minor (46%)

Sublingual (85%)

138
Q

Most common benign salivary gland tumor (85%) of parotid gland

A

Pleomorphic

Warthin (10)

139
Q

Most common malignant salivary tumor (33%)

A

Mucoepidermoid

Adenoid cystic

140
Q

Stigma of malignant salivary tumor

A

Facial nerve paralysis
Rapid growth
Lymphadenopathy
Induration/fixation

141
Q

Second most common benign salivary gland tumor

95% parotid, 3% bilateral

A

Warthin’s tumor

142
Q

The more the lens bends light rays the greater the

Measured in

A

refractive power

diopters

143
Q

Total refractive power

A

2/3 cornea

1/3 lens

Surgery (17 decks)

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