Otolaryngology Flashcards
1
Q
Cauliflower deformity
Boxer
Repeated trauma
A
Perichondritis
2
Q
Painful vesicles on ear
Neuropathic pain
A
Herpes zoster
3
Q
Painful ear infection
A
External otitis
4
Q
Painless ear infection
A
Otitis media
5
Q
Most common organism that causes otitis externa
A
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
6
Q
Causes swimmer’s ear
A
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
7
Q
Herpes zoster oticus complication
A
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
Facial paralysis
8
Q
Obstructed apopilosebaceous unit ob lateral 1/3 of posterosuperior canal by Staph aureus
A
Furunculosis
9
Q
Otomycosis is caused by
A
Aspergillus flavus, nigra (immunocompetent)
Candida (immunocompromised DM, steroids)
10
Q
Cottonball appearance on otoscopy
A
Otomycosis
11
Q
Perichondritis is caused by
A
Necrosis of ear cartilage
12
Q
Atresia of external auditory canal
Complete absence of middle ear cleft and profound sensorineural deafness
A
Microtia
13
Q
Hereditary Deafness
Glomerular Nephritis
defect in Type IV Collagen (Basement membrane)
A
Alport syndrome
14
Q
Ears which stand out from side of head due to inc angle from posterior auricle and skull
Loss of antihelical fold
A
Lop Ear deformity
15
Q
Most common inherited syndrome causing hearloss
A
Branchio-oto-renal Syndrome
16
Q
Bilateral in 25-50%
5x risk of general population for permanent hearing impairment
A
Pre auricular sinus/pits
17
Q
Tensor tympani In
A
Trigeminal V
18
Q
Stapedius in
A
Seventh Facial
19
Q
Hyperacusis in Bell’s is bec of
A
Involvement of Facial n that supply stapedius. Foot plate of stapes communicates with oval window
20
Q
Ruptured tympanic membrane
Otorrhea
A
Stage 3 Suppuration OM
21
Q
Mastoid
Decalcification, osteoclastic reaction
Mastoid coalescence
Mastoiditis
A
Stage 4 Coalescence OM
22
Q
OM Complications
A
Mastoiditis
Choleastoma
Meningitis
23
Q
Stage 5 OM
A
Resolution
24
Q
Coalescence
Extra or intracranial complication
Temporal brain abscess
A
Stage 6 Complication OM
25
Frontal lobe abscess
Recurrent sinusitis
26
COM etiologic agent
Pseudomonas
Proteus
Strep
27
Waldeyer’s ring (6)
Paired
Palatine/Faucial
Tubal/Gerlach
Unpaired
Adenoids
Lingual
28
Protrusion of both sides of tongue
| Depression of tongue
Genioglossus
29
Retraction of tongue
Styloglossus
| Hyoglossus
30
Epithelium in oral cavity
Stratified squamous
31
Tongue of men
| 90% of oral cavity cancer
SCC of tongue
32
In tongue SCC assess
Mobilitt
Ability to cross midline
Location (base)
33
Tonsils virtually in contact with each other
| Kissing tonsils
Brodsky Grade 4
| Airway obstruction
34
Pathogen causing 20% of common colds
Rhinovirus
35
Causes 5% of colds
Coronavirus
36
Bacterial pathogen tonsilltis 15-30%
Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes
37
Group A Beta Hemolytic Strep causes
Rheumatic fever
38
Causes 5% of most bacterial pathogenic tonsillitis
Streptococcus Group C
39
Dangerous Triangle of Face
| Arteries
Superior labial mouth
Angular
Facial
40
Infection arising from danger triangle of face
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
41
Trigeminal nerve V1
Ophthalmic:
Nasociliary - tip of nose
External nasal
Infratrochlear
42
Nerve for facial nerve grafting
Sural nerve
43
Dangerous space in pharynx
Retropharyngeal space
44
Fracture of walls of floor of orbit
Blow out fracture
45
Pathognomonic of orbital floor fracture
Tear drop sign
| Orbital fat or muscle that herniates into maxillary sinus
46
Lefort I
Horizontal
Maxillary
Guerin fracture
47
Lefort II
Pryamidal fracture
48
Lefort III
Crosses orbital sockets
Craniofacial dysfunction
Calvarium separates from facial bone
Pan face deformity
49
Tripod Malar Fracture (3)
Orbital floor fx
Fx of lateral wall of maxillary antrum
Zygomatic arch fx
50
Most common site of mandibular fracture
Condylar fracture (36%)
51
Most common fractured facial bone
Nasal
52
Deviated septum
| Epistaxis
Nasal fracture
53
Cavernous sinus content (5)
```
CN III
CN IV
CN V1, V2
CN VI
ICA
```
54
Cavernous sinus thrombosis pathway
Inferior ophthalmic/Labial vein
Facial vein
Dangerous area of face
CVS
55
V1 exits on
Superior orbital foramen
56
V2 exits on
Foramen Rotundum
57
V3 exits on
Foramen ovale
58
Blood supply of nose
Sphenopalatine artery
59
Sphenopalatine artery gives rise to
Kiesselbach’s plexus Anterior
| Woodruff’s plexus Posterior
60
Site of bleeding during epistaxis
Kiesselbach’s plexus
61
Most common site of nasopharyngeal CA
Fossa of Rosenmuller
62
Fossa of Rosenmueller is also
Posterolateral recess
63
Innervation of Parotid Gland
CN IX
64
Parotid gland secretion
serous
65
Koplik’s spots
Stensen’s duct of parotid gland
66
Paranasal sinuses (4)
Sphenoidal
Ethmoidal
Frontal
Maxillary
67
Sinus at birth
Maxillary
| Ethmoid
68
Largest sinus
Maxillary
69
Paranasal sinus fxn (2)
Resonance of sound
| To make bones of skull lighter
70
Drainage of tears
Nasolacrimal duct
| Inferior nasal and meatus
71
Removes levels I to V CLN
Spinal Accessory
IJV
SCM
Radical Neck Dissection
72
Removes same level of lymphatics as in radical
| Preserves CN XI, IJV and SCM
Modified Radical Neck dissection
73
Most common benign salivary tumor
Pleorphic adenoma
74
Tumor of only the Parotid Gland
Warthin’s tumor
75
Most common malignant salivary gland tumor
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
76
Most common submandibular and minor salivary gland malignancy
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
77
Kiesselbach’s plexus
Great palatine
Anterior ethmoidal
Sphenopalatine
Superior labial
78
Woodruff’s plexus
Ascending pharyngeal
Sphenopalatine
Posterior nasal
79
Common to Kiesselbach’s and Woodruff’s
Sphenopalatine
80
Most common site of nasopharyngeal tumor
Fossa of Rosenmuller
| Poserolateral recess
81
MC presentation of NPCA
Rf
Epistaxis
Smoking
EBV
82
Troublesome bleeding after tonsillectomy is caused by
damage of external palatine vein lateral to tonsils at tonsillar fossa
83
Rima Glottidis
Opening between true vocal cord and arytenoid
84
Paired tonsils
Adenoid
| Lingual
85
Infection from deep neck space enters mediastinum through
substernal space of Burns
between superficial and deep fascia
86
Nerve supply of parotid gland
CN IX
87
Nerve that dissects parotid gland to superficial and deep lobes
CN VII
88
Sinuses present at birth
Ethmoid
| Maxillary
89
Sphenoid sinus forms at
5 y/o
90
Frontal sinus forms at
7-8 y/o
91
Nasolacrimal duct drains at the
Inferior nasal conchae
92
Largest sinus
| present at birth
Maxillary
93
Paired brachial arches and clefts form at
4 weeks
94
From second arch
Reichart’s cartilage
95
Reichart’s cartilage differentiates into
```
Stapes
Styloid p
Stylohyoid ligament
Lesser horn of the hyoid
Superior part of body of hyoid
```
96
Second arch muscular derivative
```
Muscles of scalp and face
Platysma
Stylohyoid
Stapedius
Posterior belly of digastric
```
97
Vascular element of second arch
Stapedial artery
98
Arch 1
Meckel’s cartilage
99
Arch 2
Reichert’s cartilage
100
Precancerous whitish patch
Leukoplakia
101
Precancerous biopsy finding of oral lesion
Dysplasia
102
Most oral cavity CA are
epidermal in origin
103
Most common type of oral cavity cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
104
Leukoplakia is strongly assoc with
smoking
105
Virus that causes oral hairy leukoplakia
EBV
106
Factors to predispose oral cavity CA
```
Cigarette
Betel nut chewing
Alcohol
Poor oral hygiene
Ill fitting denture
```
107
Oral cavity cancer sx
```
Pain
LOM of tongue
Bleeding
Lump in neck
Dysphagia or odynophagia
Leukoplakia
Tumor w or w/o ulcerarion
Cervical LAD
Neuro signs: CN XII (motor) Mental nerve (sensory)
```
108
Anterior 2/3 sensory innervation
Facial nerve
| Mental nerve
109
Oral cavity cancer dx
Panoramic radiograph - sockets, teeth, mandibular border
CT scan
Biopsy
110
Oral cavity cancer Surgery tx
1-2cm margin
| Neck dissection
111
Oral cavity cancer chemotherapt
Cisplatin
| 5-FU
112
Cisplatin causes
Ototoxicity
| Nephrotoxicity
113
5-FU inhibits
thymidilate synthase
114
M>F
75% occur after 50
85% SCC
Nasal ca
115
M>F
95% after 40
80% SCC
Paranasal sinus ca
116
Nasal ca sx
```
Nasal obstruction
Foul smelling
Nasal d/c
Lymph node metastasis
Epistaxis
Bulging cheek
```
117
Nasal ca risk factor
Smoking
Occupational (woodworker, learher tanning and mining)
Chronic sinusitis - metaplasia
118
Bacteria for pretanning of leather
Bacillus
119
Nasal ca dx
CT scan
| biopsy
120
Nasal ca tx
Maxillectomy
Orbital exenterartion
Lymphatic metastasis
121
Nasal ca poor prognosis
Advance stage
Complex anatomy
Spread beyond the sinus
122
Angiomas are found in
septum
| inferior turbinate
123
Nasal polyp with interstitial fluid, connective and vascular tissue
Hemangiomatous polyp
124
Benign tumor un adolescent males
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
125
Vascular tumor tx
```
Surgical excision
Radiation
Cryosurgery
Hormonal therapy
Selective thromboembolism
```
126
Largest salivary gland
Serous
Duct: Stensen’s
Opens into oral vestibule opposite upper second molar tooth
Parotid gland
127
Post gustatory sweating due to damage to auriculotemporal and great auricular nerve from trauma
Frey syndrome
128
Frey syndrome nerve
Auriculotemporal
| Great auricular nerve
129
Arnold’s nerve is auricular branch of the
Vagus
130
Stimulus intended for saliva production results to sweating
Frey syndrome
131
Floor of the mouth
Serous> mucous
Duct: Wharton’s
Submandibular gland
132
Smallest
Mixed secrerion mucous>serous
Ducts: rivinu and bartholin
Sublingual
133
Throughout oral cavity, nasopharynx, sinus, trachea and bronchi
Minor salivary
134
Anterior to tongue
Gland of blandin
135
Connected to circumvalate papillae
Gustatory glands of Ebner
136
75-85% of Parotid tumors are
benign
137
Malignant salivary tumors occur in
Minor (46%)
| Sublingual (85%)
138
Most common benign salivary gland tumor (85%) of parotid gland
Pleomorphic
| Warthin (10)
139
Most common malignant salivary tumor (33%)
Mucoepidermoid
| Adenoid cystic
140
Stigma of malignant salivary tumor
Facial nerve paralysis
Rapid growth
Lymphadenopathy
Induration/fixation
141
Second most common benign salivary gland tumor
| 95% parotid, 3% bilateral
Warthin’s tumor
142
The more the lens bends light rays the greater the
Measured in
refractive power
diopters
143
Total refractive power
2/3 cornea
| 1/3 lens
