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World War II (learn) Flashcards

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1
Q

How long was World War II?

A

From 1939 to 1945

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2
Q

Who was overthrown at the end of World War I?

A

Kaiser Wilhelm II

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3
Q

Define Republic

A

A form of government who is head of state is not a king or a queen. It is a president

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4
Q

Where was the Weimar republic formed?

A

The democratic government was formed in a city called Weimar

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5
Q

Who signed the armistice?

A

Weimar Republic signed with the alleys. They agreed to stop fighting

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6
Q

Define armistice

A

Agreement between allies in war stop fighting so they can discuss peace terms

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7
Q

When was the peace treaty of Versailles signed?

A

In 1919

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8
Q

How was the peace treaty developed?

A

Leaders that one discussed and wrote down a peace treaty as they wanted revenge

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9
Q

Define revenge

A

Action taken in return for being hurt

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10
Q

List the rules that Germany had to follow

A
  1. Germany was dictated to, no say
  2. Pay for the cost of war - millions of reparations
  3. Lost land
    4, Admit that they were to blame - Signed War Guilt Clause
  4. Not allowed to build a defence force
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11
Q

Define reparations

A

Amount of money for damages paid by losing nation to the winners

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12
Q

When did Hitler blame the Jews?

A

Peace Treaty of Allies was humiliation by nationalist. Hitler blamed Jews

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13
Q

When did Hitler join the Nazi’s? When did he become a leader?

A

Joined in 1920s. He became a leader in 1921

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14
Q

Who were the Storm Troopers?

A

Set up armed groups of supporters who had a brown uniform. Known as SA = Sturmabteilung - German

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15
Q

What happened during the parades?

A

SA organised marching parades carrying the Nazi flag with the Swastika

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16
Q

Define Swastika

A

Symbol of Nazi Party

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17
Q

What was SA motto?

A

All opposition must stomped into the ground

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18
Q

Define opposition

A

a group of people who disagree with you

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19
Q

What were their rules against violence?

A

They beat up people who disagreed. No rules against use of violence

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20
Q

When did Hitler try to overthrow the Weimar government?

A

Hitler and Nazi Party in 1923

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21
Q

How did Hitler try to overthrow the Weimar government?

A

in a military Coup or Putsch

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22
Q

Define Coup

A

Violent overthrown of government - French

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23
Q

Define Putsch

A

Violent overthrown of government - German

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24
Q

The overthrow failed. What happened?

A

Hitler went to jail for 9 months

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25
Q

What did Hitler do in jail?

A

He wrote his book Mein Kampf (my struggles)

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26
Q

Did all officials agree with the government?

A

Many officials and judges did not support the democratic government which was Weimar

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27
Q

When was USA and the leading economy in the world?

A

In the 1920s

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28
Q

Why did US a lend money to the Weimar government?

A

To help Germany’s economy recover after World War I

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29
Q

When did the economic disaster begin in USA?

A

In 1929

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30
Q

What was the US economy controlled by?

A

The USA economy was controlled by stock market in the city of New York

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31
Q

Define stock market

A

A place where people buy and sell shares in a big business.

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32
Q

Where is the stock market in America?

A

Situated in a building on Wall Street

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33
Q

When did the Wall Street stock market collapse?

A

The Wall Street stock market collapsed in 1929.

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34
Q

What happened to the stocks people had bought?

A

It’s no longer had value. Thousands of people lost money they invested

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35
Q

What was the collapse of the US economy on the stock market known as?

A

The Wall Street crash which was the start of great depression

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36
Q

Define great depression

A

A period during the 1930s when there was a worldwide economic collapse and mass unemployment

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37
Q

Happened to the prices during the great depression?

A

Prices of goods became very high and no one could afford the inflated goods. All countries are traded with USA was affected

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38
Q

What happened in Germany during the great depression?

A
  • Banks closed
  • factories closed
  • Workers lost their jobs
  • Inflation rose
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39
Q

Define inflation

A

An increase in the price of goods

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40
Q

What happened when USA wanted their money back?

A

Germany was unable to pay them. More German business collapsed and more people became unemployed

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41
Q

What age do people in Germany vote?

A

People in Germany over 20 could vote

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42
Q

What were there separate elections for?

A

The Reichstag (parliament) and for the Head of State, the President

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43
Q

Who is the Chancellor?

A

Reichstag

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44
Q

What are the reasons of failure of democracy in the Weimar Republic?

A
  • Germany did not have history of democracy as they were ruled by a king
  • Germany was used to authoritarian leadership
  • System of democracy was not fully supported
  • Too many political parties in Germany. Not one party could win a complete majority of seats in the Reichstag
  • Weimar government do you not have a strong enough government to deal with Germany is problem is
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45
Q

Define authoritarian

A

Strict, dictatorial, people had no freedom or say in how the government rules

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46
Q

What were the reasons for public support for the Nazi party?

A
  • Great depression persuaded more people to vote for the Nazis as they promised law, order, jobs
  • Many Germans wanted important world power
  • Nazi party blamed way mark for severe punishment and humiliation of Treaty of Versailles
  • They say Germany was not really defeated and the Germans were stabbed in the back by the government
  • He received financial support from military and wealthy businessman
  • It was a brilliant public speaker
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47
Q

When was the Nazi party is very organised

A

By 1932

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48
Q

Why did people believe that the Nazis could save them?

A

Your skilful propaganda skills

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49
Q

What happened during the elections in 1933?

A

Hitler’s Nazi party won the largest number of votes. Hitler became the chancellor of Germany

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50
Q

When was the Enabling Act passed? By who?

A

Reichstag. in 1933

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51
Q

What did the enabling act do?

A

A complete power to Hitler. Nazis became only party allowed in Germany

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52
Q

Who signed the enabling act?

A

Hidenburg what is the president and head of the state. He signed it

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53
Q

When did Hidenburg die?

A

He died in 1934

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54
Q

What happened when Hidenburg died?

A

Hit the combined the title of chancellor and president. Hitler became a dictator

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55
Q

What is the leader in German?

A

Der Führer

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56
Q

Define dictator

A

A leader with total power. One person makes all the rules

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57
Q

What did Hitler do once he became the leader?

A

Shutdown the Reichstag. He rude without rules in the German constitution. Nazi dictatorship was ruthless, cruel, violent and intolerant

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58
Q

When was the mass arrests? Who?

A

In 1933 and it was political opponents

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59
Q

Why was there a plan to house the opponents?

A

Eventually so many people were in jail

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60
Q

Define concentration camp

A

Those imprisoned or physically concentrated in one place

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61
Q

Where was the first concentration camp?

A

It was set up in a town called Dachau

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62
Q

Where the concentration camps like?

A

Large barbed wire in closure. Prisoners did hard labour, military Joes, regular beatings

63
Q

What did Hitler describe racial purity as?

A

He was obsessed with racial purity. An Aryan is used to describe as the pure German race. It was white, blonde, blue eyes. They were superior

64
Q

What was said about Jews?

A

They were inferior and undesirable

65
Q

What is the hatred of Jews known as?

A

Anti-Semitism

66
Q

Hatred of Jews a new thing?

A

It was not a new thing in Europe as it existed for hundreds of years. They were often used as scapegoats when things went wrong

67
Q

Define scapegoat

A

Someone who is blamed and punished for misfortune of others

68
Q

What is used to increase anti-Semitism?

A

Propaganda was used at rallies, radio, poster, films, newspapers to increase it

69
Q

what Prepare them for the Holocaust?

A

Anti-Semitism

70
Q

Define Holocaust

A

Mass killing of Jews in Nazi Germany

71
Q

Why was it easy for Germans to accept anti-Semitism?

A

They were told that Jews were evil four years

72
Q

Name the people who did not belong to the Aryan race

A
  1. Political opponents
  2. Jenovah’switness (Christain- refused because of beliefs)
  3. Male homosexual is his orientation was considered a hindrance
  4. Roma (Gypsies), blacks, slavs
  5. People who were physically or mentally disabled were killed
73
Q

Define persecuted

A

Made to suffer

74
Q

What did the Jews wear?

A

A yellow star of David

75
Q

What did a political opponents where?

A

Red Triangle

76
Q

What did Jenovah’s witness where?

A

Purple triangle

77
Q

What did homosexuals wear?

A

Pink triangle

78
Q

What did Roma wear?

A

Brown triangle

79
Q

What did criminals wear?

A

green triangle

80
Q

What were the Nuremburg Laws?

A

Made in 1935. Took basic rights away from the Jews

81
Q

Happened to the Jews in the Nuremberg laws?

A
  • They were dismissed from their jobs
  • Expelled from school or university
  • Stripped off of all cities in rights
  • Prohibited from marrying non-Jews
  • Forced to sit separately at the park benches
  • Can’t use public facilities
82
Q

True or false. What is Nazi Germany a facist state?

A

True

83
Q

Define facist

A

Political Siri that the government should have complete control. Opposite of democracy. Political party serves their own needs and does not care about citizens

84
Q

What was Nazi-Germany as a facist state like?

A
  • Had total control over everyone and every aspect of life
85
Q

How did the Nazi party control the people?

A

Nazi party had to persuade want to believe he solve all their problems using fear, terror, propaganda

86
Q

What’s your features of facism?

A
  • No opposition
  • No freedom of speech
  • People are encouraged to worship leaders
  • Use of violence, ruthlessness, brutality to keep control people
  • Secret police force
  • Trade unions are banned
  • Fastest leaders cooperate with the land owners and factory owners
  • Propaganda
  • Emphasis on military and willingness to go to war
  • Patriotism
  • Racism and persecution
  • Hatred of democracy
87
Q

In the 1929 election were the Nazis supported?

A

Germans did not support the Nazis

88
Q

What cause created the SS Schutzstaffel?

A

The Nazis developed a policy of fear. This created the SS/Protection squad to enforce the policy of fear.

89
Q

What did members of the SS Schutzstaffel wear?

A

Sleek black uniform with badges showing threatening symbols:

double lightning, skulls, silver daggers

90
Q

What adjectives describe the policy for Lebensraum?

A

Aggressive, expansionist foreign

91
Q

How did the Nazis want to expand Germany? What did they need?

A

They looked east to expand. The night he said Germans needed lebensraum. Finding additional space

92
Q

Define Lebensraum

A

Germany word meaning space to live in

93
Q

What could the Hitler’s aims for expanding Germany cannot be achieved without?

A

Strong armed forces

94
Q

What role is building a strong defence force breaking?

A

Building a strong defence force breaks the Treaty of Versailles

95
Q

When and how did the Nazis decide to re-arm secretly?

A

A meeting in 1933. The Nazi leaders decided that Germany would re-arm secretly.

96
Q

What did the Nazis Annex?

A

Nazi army annexed Austria in 1938 which added additional territory

97
Q

What Territory was added in 1939?

A

CzechSlovakia was added to the German Reich

98
Q

Why did Britain and France do nothing about Germany expanding their territory?

A

Hitler assure them he would no longer go further in expanding German borders

99
Q

Who did Britain and France promise to help if Germany invaded?

A

Britain and France thought that Poland was next therefore they promised to help if Germany invaded

100
Q

When did Hitler’s army is invade Poland?

A

The 1st of September 1939

101
Q

When did Britain and France declare war?

A

The 3rd of September 1939

102
Q

Who side did Italy join?

A

Mussolini’s facost Italy joined Germany’s side

103
Q

What was Russia’s a relation in World War II?

A

Russia remained neutral at the beginning but later joined the alleys when Germany attacked in 1941

104
Q

Who are the Allied powers?

A
  1. Britain
  2. France
  3. Russia
  4. USA
105
Q

Who are the Axis powers?

A
  1. Germany
  2. Italy
  3. Japan
106
Q

What percentage of the population is did the Jews make up of?

A

Jews made up of 1% of the population and they fought for Germany in World War I

107
Q

What did Jews living in Germany see themselves as?

A

Saw themselves as an integral part. The only difference was their religion

108
Q

Why were German Jews shocked?

A

There was no place for them and they help fight for Germany in World War I

109
Q

What did the laws make?

A

The laws made it increasingly impossible to live in Germany

110
Q

What happened to the Jews when World War II broke out?

A

Jews had no rights

111
Q

What happened to Jews trying to leave Germany?

A

Jews became desperate to leave Germany. It was difficult to get into other countries, as the governments over the world made excuses not to take in refugees

112
Q

What led to the holocaust?

A

Nazi racial policies lead to the Holocaust which is the genocide of Jewish people in Europe through deliberate extermination of 6 million Jews

113
Q

Define genocide

A

Mass murder

114
Q

Define extermination

A

Killing

115
Q

What type of process was the holocaust?

A

It was the end of a long process of anti-Semitism

116
Q

What effort was the Holocaust?

A

Effort to completely annhilate Jews

117
Q

Define annhilate

A

Cease to exist, wipe out completely

118
Q

How many Jews lost their lives? How many non-Jews lost their lives?

A

6 million Jews lost their lives. 5 million non-Jews lost their lives

119
Q

Who were the SS led by?

A

Heinrich Himmler

120
Q

What were the SS men tour to? And why were they taught this?

A

SS men were taught racial hatred and told to harden their hearts to human suffering

121
Q

What did the SS do you to the leader which was Hitler?

A

They had to declare absolute obedience and loyalty to Führer

122
Q

When did the SAS become mobile killings squads?

A

In 1941 a group of men are called the Einsatzgruppen became special mobile killing squads

123
Q

Define Eintsatzappen

A

Death squads. Men, women, children rounded up and shot by firing squads and put in mass graves

124
Q

Why was shooting by firing squads inefficient to the Nazis?

A

It was too personal for Nazi Hitlers

125
Q

How were the Einsatzgruppen affected?

A

They were psychologically negatively affected

126
Q

What was a more efficient way of killing?

A
  1. The Final Solution wbecame the name for the Nazi Germany Plan. It was a systematic genocide for European Jews
127
Q

Define the final solution

A

Name for Nancy pan of systematic killing of European Jews.

128
Q

Why did the Nazis use the term final solution?

A

They use this term to refer to their plan. To disguise true nature of the crime

129
Q

What was part of the final solution?

A

Establish extermination camps containing gas chambers

130
Q

What was the process of the final solution?

A
  1. Victims are crowded into cattle trucks. Taken to camps
  2. Victims order to undress and were forced into gas chambers. Disguised as a shower rooms. Poisonous gas released and died within 15 minutes
  3. After gassing everything valuable was taken from the body such as wedding rings
  4. Bodies pushed into giant ovens
131
Q

What gas was used in the gas chambers?

A

Zyklon B. Died within 15 minutes

132
Q

How many people voted for the Nazis in 1932?

A

17 million voters out of 35 million

133
Q

Was it safe to resist?

A

Half of the voters did not agree with these policies. It was dangerous to resist and it took great courage. Although many people did

134
Q

Why was a new country created for Poland?

A

Poland was given a car door to the Baltic Sea, cutting of East Prussia from Germany. Posen was rich farmland given to Poland

135
Q

What happened to Germany’s colonies?

A

Germany lost all her colonies

136
Q

North Schleswig was taken away from Germany. Who was a given to?

A

Denmark

137
Q

What was Rhine land?

A

Rhineland or river. Was still German territory in the Ruhr valley. Eventually military is taken out of the area as a demilitarised. Germany could not attack France in the buffer zone

138
Q

What territory was given back to France?

A

Alsace Lorraine. Lost it to Germany in 1871

139
Q

Who was Germany forbidden to unite with?

A

Austria

140
Q

What happened with the Saar coalfields?

A

It was given to France for 15 years. It was territory lost by Germany to the league. War debt Germany had to pay as they were could mine coal

141
Q

What was Danzig?

A

Hey free city run by the League of Nations

142
Q

What did France once the revenge to cause?

A

They wanted to cause Germany to become weak and be unable to create a war

143
Q

What happened to Germany’s war debt during world war two?

A

They stop paying when Hitler was in power they continue to pay it afterwards. They eventually paid the debt

144
Q

How did America become wealthy throughout World War I and World War II?

A

Jimmy an all countries borrowed dollars from America. Germany barcode from America gave it to France and France gave it to Britain.

145
Q

Why was printing more money in germy creating the money to be more useless?

A

It would create less value

146
Q

What was hyperinflation?

A

Worse than inflation. The worth was so little that they would use it to make fire (as wood) or toys

147
Q

What did the citizens not understand about the treaty?

A

The Weimar government was powerless

148
Q

Hitler comes from Austria. How does he relate to Germany?

A

Drink one of the walls Hitler fought for Germany on Austrian side. He had even gotten the iron Cross for bravery as he was a messenger in the trenches. He had done everything he could for Germany and that is why he became president

149
Q

Hitler light to find scapegoats. Why did he blame the Weimar government?

A

Hitler was so shocked that they signed the peace treaty of the size. He did not understand as he hated humiliation

150
Q

What did Hitler use as a drive to blame the Weimar government?

A

He uses patriotism to blame the government

151
Q

Define total war fare

A

Uses everything at your disposal to destroy everything. Everyone is a victim and your do what ever you can to win

152
Q

What did all the axis powers have in common?

A

All dictator ships, or anti-Communist, wanted to expand territory

153
Q

What was something interesting about Italy?

A

Italy like to change side. Messalina lied to Hitler about who could fight in the war

History (12 decks)

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