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Scramble for Africa ssa Flashcards

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1
Q

Who colonized Africa

A

The European powers

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2
Q

what is colonialism?

A

The occupation and control of one nation by another.

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3
Q

What did the colonization of Africa became known as?

A

The scramble for Africa

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4
Q

What does the scramble of Africa mean?

A

Means to compete frantically to get something others want

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5
Q

Who were the seven European colonies that colonized Africa?

A
  1. Britain
  2. France
  3. Portugal
  4. Germany
  5. Belgium
  6. Italy
  7. Spain
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6
Q

When was the whole African colonized by?

A

By 1914, the whole African continent was colonized

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7
Q

How many countries weren’t colonized? What were the names?

A

Two countries were not colonized. Ethiopia and Liberia are independent

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8
Q

Who ruled most of the African continent?

A

The Africans ruled most of the African continent.

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9
Q

where did people live longer than anyone else in the world?

A

Africa

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10
Q

How did the ordinary societies live before colonization?

A

Hunting, gathering, herding, and farming.

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11
Q

What were the relationships with African societies like?

A

Sometimes peaceful and sometimes they went to war.

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12
Q

When was the Berlin Conference?

A

It was in 1884

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13
Q

When was 98% of Africa owned by different European countries?

A

By 1914

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14
Q

By when were the European powers competing for control over Africa?

A

By the 1870s

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15
Q

What happened in 1884?

A

German Prime Minister invited European powers to a big conference. In Berlin, the capital of Germany.

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16
Q

Were Africans invited to the conference?

A

No Africans were invited

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17
Q

What did the European Powers decide at the conference?

A

They decided how they would divide Africa. Without fighting with each other.

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18
Q

Who took the biggest lives of Africa and why?

A

Britain, France and Germany took the biggest pieces. They were the strongest European countries at the time.

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19
Q

What is colonization?

A

The process of taking over other countries. Involves taking control of land and the prowler who live on it. Usually by force.

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20
Q

What are the areas called when they have been colonized?

A

They are called colonies.

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21
Q

What happens to the colonies?

A

Become part of the European country’s empire.

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22
Q

What is an empire?

A

A group of countries ruled by a single government.

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23
Q

How many colonies was Africa divided up into?

A

46 colonies

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24
Q

Was it a turning point in African history? What is a turning point?

A

Yes it was. A turning point is a great change in the course of history.

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25
Q

Was it a negative or a positive turning point?

A

It was both. it still affects Africa today.

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26
Q

What were the for reasons that Africa was colonized

A

Growth of nationalism, search for raw materials, the discovery of quinine, and the Christian Missionaries.

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27
Q

What were the search for raw materials and profits?

A

europeans wanted to have control of raw materials. They farmed for Cash crops

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28
Q

What are cash crops?

A

Crops that are grown to be sold for a profit.

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29
Q

Examples of cash crops

A

Ivory, rubber, diamond, gold, cotton, coca, coffee and vegetable oil.

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30
Q

Why were the cash crops taken out of Africa? Where did they go?

A

Made into manufactured goods in Europe.

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31
Q

Examples of the goods made from cash crops.

A

Cloth, clothing, alcohol, guns, knives, and forks.

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32
Q

why and how did Europe factory owners increase their markets.

A

Not enough people in Europe could buy these items. By selling to colonies in Africa and other parts of the world.

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33
Q

what is the growth of nationalism in Europe?

A

European countries were fighting among each other. To be the richest and most powerful nations. This is sometimes called nationalism

34
Q

when did the growth of nationalism in Europe happen?

A

in the late 19th century.

35
Q

Why did this happen?

A

Proud of achievements of the countries they came from. by taking of more and more land, they become richer and strength and the power.

36
Q

What were the Christian Missionaries?

A

Christian Missionaries wanted to spread their beliefs and European customs among African props.

37
Q

what did the Christian missionaries believe?

A

they believe their beliefs and way of life were superior to Africans

38
Q

What did the Christian missionaries call the African continent

A

They called the African continent the Dark continent.

39
Q

What else did the Christian missionaries believe due to skin color?

A

They that why people were superior to black people. And they the duty to bring light to the dark continent

40
Q

why encourage them to spread the word?

A

Jesus said: Golden, do you know peoples everywhere and make them my Disciples. The words encourage them to spread the word.

41
Q

what did many Christians feel they had the duty to do?

A

Many Christians felt they had the duty to share this belief.

42
Q

what happened in the 15th and 16th centuries?

A

some Christians in Europe became missionaries.

43
Q

what did the missionaries believe

A

they believed they had a mission to tell people about Jesus Christ and encourage them to talk to ask Jesus for forgiveness of their sins.

44
Q

what was the discovery of quinine?

A

quinine is an effective medical treatment for malaria

45
Q

what happened to Europeans who try to explore Africa?

A

they suffered and died from malaria

46
Q

how did they get malaria

A

they were bitten by malaria carrying mosquitoes

47
Q

When was quinine discovered

A

it was discovered in the 1850s

48
Q

what did it reduce European deaths to?

A

by 4/5

49
Q

what many things did quinine make possible?

A

it made it possible for Europeans to live in Africa. It made it possible for European armies to go into the most badly infested malaria areas in Africa

50
Q

what were the four reasons that helped European powers colonize Africa so quickly?

A

Rivalries between different African leaders, natural disasters, the invention of the machine gun, new diseases.

51
Q

What were the rivalry between different African leaders?

A

African kings and chiefs were competing to be the richest and most powerful. European powers took advantage of rivalries. They persuaded some African leaders to side with them.

52
Q

when was the serious drought in many regions of Africa?

A

after 1895

53
Q

What was it caused by

A

A sudden decline in rainfall

54
Q

what did this mean

A

meant that hardly any crops were produced. Food shortage caused the death of many people and animals.

55
Q

how did matters get worse?

A

a plague of locusts destroyed crops

56
Q

what was the cattle plague and when was it?

A

The cattle plague of the 1890s killed cattle, sheep and goats.

57
Q

what is this result in?

A

it resulted in starvation and death of more people. African people were weak and unable to fight against the colonizing powers.

58
Q

what was the invention of the machine gun?

A

European countries use force and violence. Europeans had more powerful weapons than the indigenous people. Europeans were able to kill people who resisted them.

59
Q

what did Europeans have the advantage of?

A

europeans have the advantage of the newly invented machine gun.

60
Q

when was the machine gun invented?

A

it was invented in the 1880s

61
Q

How many bullets per second could be machine gun fire

A

A machine gun that could fire 11 bullets per second

62
Q

what type of guns did the African armies have?

A

Outdated guns that had been sold for years in Africa.

63
Q

why didn’t Africans ever manage to get the maxim gun?

A

European countries made an agreement to not sell the gun to Africans. Africans were at a military

64
Q

what happened with new diseases and Africans?

A

in the late n 1890s Africa was affected by smallpox epidemics

65
Q

Why did Europe have immunity to the infectious disease?

A

Europe had Experienced many outbreaks of infections diseases. people who survive developed immunity

66
Q

What is immunity?

A

immunity is the resistance to diseases

67
Q

what happened to the Africans when they were exposed to the epidemic diseases?

A

Africans were exposed to epidemic diseases such as smallpox. The indigenous population had no immunity or resistance. Diseases weakened the Africans population because they had not been exposed.

68
Q

what happened to the many people?

A

they became sick and died

69
Q

what is an epidemic?

A

A widespread outbreak of any infectious disease; many people are infected at the same time

70
Q

how did the missionaries help in the colonizing process?

A

by converting indigenous people to Christianity

71
Q

Did the Missionaries know anything about the indigenous people?

A

most missionaries knew nothing of the history of the richness of the culture, knowledge or experience of the indigenous people. they also made no effort to understand

72
Q

what did the missionaries believe you had to do because to become a Christian?

A

they believe people had to be removed from the indigenous cultures

73
Q

How are African religions treated?

A

they were treated as inferior.

74
Q

what did the missionaries bring with them to Africa?

A

they brought with them religions, beliefs and practices. Brought the Christian message

75
Q

What else did they bring to Africa?

A

European values and the way of life. European languages, the European alphabet, writing, European style dress, buildings and furniture, European music and food.

76
Q

what the colonization lead Europeans to believe?

A

The colonization lead Europeans to believe that they were superior to Africans. Also known as racism

77
Q

Why was this?

A

it was not because of their skin color but because they were not Christian and did not follow a European way of doing things.

78
Q

what were the Africans forced to do?

A

they were forced to do hard and heavy work

79
Q

What did the settlers get used to thinking

A

sentence got used to thinking white skin was superior to dark skin. People who are not white we are regarded as servants.

80
Q

What is racism?

A

The attitude of judging someone by their skin color. this is also known as racial prejudice.

History (12 decks)

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