Scramble for Africa ssa Flashcards
Who colonized Africa
The European powers
what is colonialism?
The occupation and control of one nation by another.
What did the colonization of Africa became known as?
The scramble for Africa
What does the scramble of Africa mean?
Means to compete frantically to get something others want
Who were the seven European colonies that colonized Africa?
- Britain
- France
- Portugal
- Germany
- Belgium
- Italy
- Spain
When was the whole African colonized by?
By 1914, the whole African continent was colonized
How many countries weren’t colonized? What were the names?
Two countries were not colonized. Ethiopia and Liberia are independent
Who ruled most of the African continent?
The Africans ruled most of the African continent.
where did people live longer than anyone else in the world?
Africa
How did the ordinary societies live before colonization?
Hunting, gathering, herding, and farming.
What were the relationships with African societies like?
Sometimes peaceful and sometimes they went to war.
When was the Berlin Conference?
It was in 1884
When was 98% of Africa owned by different European countries?
By 1914
By when were the European powers competing for control over Africa?
By the 1870s
What happened in 1884?
German Prime Minister invited European powers to a big conference. In Berlin, the capital of Germany.
Were Africans invited to the conference?
No Africans were invited
What did the European Powers decide at the conference?
They decided how they would divide Africa. Without fighting with each other.
Who took the biggest lives of Africa and why?
Britain, France and Germany took the biggest pieces. They were the strongest European countries at the time.
What is colonization?
The process of taking over other countries. Involves taking control of land and the prowler who live on it. Usually by force.
What are the areas called when they have been colonized?
They are called colonies.
What happens to the colonies?
Become part of the European country’s empire.
What is an empire?
A group of countries ruled by a single government.
How many colonies was Africa divided up into?
46 colonies
Was it a turning point in African history? What is a turning point?
Yes it was. A turning point is a great change in the course of history.
Was it a negative or a positive turning point?
It was both. it still affects Africa today.
What were the for reasons that Africa was colonized
Growth of nationalism, search for raw materials, the discovery of quinine, and the Christian Missionaries.
What were the search for raw materials and profits?
europeans wanted to have control of raw materials. They farmed for Cash crops
What are cash crops?
Crops that are grown to be sold for a profit.
Examples of cash crops
Ivory, rubber, diamond, gold, cotton, coca, coffee and vegetable oil.
Why were the cash crops taken out of Africa? Where did they go?
Made into manufactured goods in Europe.
Examples of the goods made from cash crops.
Cloth, clothing, alcohol, guns, knives, and forks.
why and how did Europe factory owners increase their markets.
Not enough people in Europe could buy these items. By selling to colonies in Africa and other parts of the world.
what is the growth of nationalism in Europe?
European countries were fighting among each other. To be the richest and most powerful nations. This is sometimes called nationalism
when did the growth of nationalism in Europe happen?
in the late 19th century.
Why did this happen?
Proud of achievements of the countries they came from. by taking of more and more land, they become richer and strength and the power.
What were the Christian Missionaries?
Christian Missionaries wanted to spread their beliefs and European customs among African props.
what did the Christian missionaries believe?
they believe their beliefs and way of life were superior to Africans
What did the Christian missionaries call the African continent
They called the African continent the Dark continent.
What else did the Christian missionaries believe due to skin color?
They that why people were superior to black people. And they the duty to bring light to the dark continent
why encourage them to spread the word?
Jesus said: Golden, do you know peoples everywhere and make them my Disciples. The words encourage them to spread the word.
what did many Christians feel they had the duty to do?
Many Christians felt they had the duty to share this belief.
what happened in the 15th and 16th centuries?
some Christians in Europe became missionaries.
what did the missionaries believe
they believed they had a mission to tell people about Jesus Christ and encourage them to talk to ask Jesus for forgiveness of their sins.
what was the discovery of quinine?
quinine is an effective medical treatment for malaria
what happened to Europeans who try to explore Africa?
they suffered and died from malaria
how did they get malaria
they were bitten by malaria carrying mosquitoes
When was quinine discovered
it was discovered in the 1850s
what did it reduce European deaths to?
by 4/5
what many things did quinine make possible?
it made it possible for Europeans to live in Africa. It made it possible for European armies to go into the most badly infested malaria areas in Africa
what were the four reasons that helped European powers colonize Africa so quickly?
Rivalries between different African leaders, natural disasters, the invention of the machine gun, new diseases.
What were the rivalry between different African leaders?
African kings and chiefs were competing to be the richest and most powerful. European powers took advantage of rivalries. They persuaded some African leaders to side with them.
when was the serious drought in many regions of Africa?
after 1895
What was it caused by
A sudden decline in rainfall
what did this mean
meant that hardly any crops were produced. Food shortage caused the death of many people and animals.
how did matters get worse?
a plague of locusts destroyed crops
what was the cattle plague and when was it?
The cattle plague of the 1890s killed cattle, sheep and goats.
what is this result in?
it resulted in starvation and death of more people. African people were weak and unable to fight against the colonizing powers.
what was the invention of the machine gun?
European countries use force and violence. Europeans had more powerful weapons than the indigenous people. Europeans were able to kill people who resisted them.
what did Europeans have the advantage of?
europeans have the advantage of the newly invented machine gun.
when was the machine gun invented?
it was invented in the 1880s
How many bullets per second could be machine gun fire
A machine gun that could fire 11 bullets per second
what type of guns did the African armies have?
Outdated guns that had been sold for years in Africa.
why didn’t Africans ever manage to get the maxim gun?
European countries made an agreement to not sell the gun to Africans. Africans were at a military
what happened with new diseases and Africans?
in the late n 1890s Africa was affected by smallpox epidemics
Why did Europe have immunity to the infectious disease?
Europe had Experienced many outbreaks of infections diseases. people who survive developed immunity
What is immunity?
immunity is the resistance to diseases
what happened to the Africans when they were exposed to the epidemic diseases?
Africans were exposed to epidemic diseases such as smallpox. The indigenous population had no immunity or resistance. Diseases weakened the Africans population because they had not been exposed.
what happened to the many people?
they became sick and died
what is an epidemic?
A widespread outbreak of any infectious disease; many people are infected at the same time
how did the missionaries help in the colonizing process?
by converting indigenous people to Christianity
Did the Missionaries know anything about the indigenous people?
most missionaries knew nothing of the history of the richness of the culture, knowledge or experience of the indigenous people. they also made no effort to understand
what did the missionaries believe you had to do because to become a Christian?
they believe people had to be removed from the indigenous cultures
How are African religions treated?
they were treated as inferior.
what did the missionaries bring with them to Africa?
they brought with them religions, beliefs and practices. Brought the Christian message
What else did they bring to Africa?
European values and the way of life. European languages, the European alphabet, writing, European style dress, buildings and furniture, European music and food.
what the colonization lead Europeans to believe?
The colonization lead Europeans to believe that they were superior to Africans. Also known as racism
Why was this?
it was not because of their skin color but because they were not Christian and did not follow a European way of doing things.
what were the Africans forced to do?
they were forced to do hard and heavy work
What did the settlers get used to thinking
sentence got used to thinking white skin was superior to dark skin. People who are not white we are regarded as servants.
What is racism?
The attitude of judging someone by their skin color. this is also known as racial prejudice.
