Human Rights Flashcards
Why did UNO form?
Horror of Holocaust and violence
Define UNO
United Nations Organisation
What was aim of UNO?
Promote a better world - international co-operation
What did UNO want to do?
Keep peace between the countries of the world.
Promote human rights.
Improve living conditions of the poorest parts of the world
Who wrote UDHR?
UNO set a universal standards for how human being should behave and everyone’s dignity should be respected
Define universal
Applies to everyone
Define dignity
Being worthy of respect
Why cannot basic right to be taken away?
All humans are born equal
What is shown on the emblem of UNO?
A map of the world and a wreath of And olive tree branch. It is a symbol of peace
What does the UDHR set?
Basic rights for everyone to live free and equal as well as treated with
Why is human rights not earned or bought?
One has human rights from birth to death
When was the UDHR accepted at UNO?
1948
Who was in power in 1948?
The National party was in power
What policy did the National party practice?
Practice the policy of racial discrimination which is also known as apartheid
What laws did apartheid ignore?
Ignored all rights recognised by the UDHR
What did the South African government refused to sign?
Did not sign the UDHR but remained a member of you NO
What did the United Nations declare apartheid as?
A crime against humanity
Define apartheid
Official government policy that lasted from 1948, when National party came into power, to 1994 when the ANC won the first democratic election in South Africa
What does ANC stand for?
African national congress
Define segregation
Practice or policy of creating separate facilities within the same society for the use of a Particula group
What was practised by whites for decades?
Apartheid
What did the Constitution of union give to the white?
Special privileges to the whites
When was the natives land act passed?
1913
What was the land act of 1913?
The Africans were allowed to own 13% of the land. The rest of the night and was kept for white ownership and occupation
What percentage of the population were white? 
20%
What were black reserves?
Widely scattered piece of land on the east of the country
How were the Indians and coloured discriminated against?
They were also considered non-whites. Therefore they were discriminated against but not as bad as the blacks
Were black South Africans allowed to vote?
They were not allowed to vote
How did people in towns and cities separate?
People living in the towns and cities had to live in separate suburbs and townships according to skin colour
How long were Africans in the city is allowed to stay?
As long as the labour was needed by the whites
What law Control the movement of Africans?
Pass laws
What did African men outside the reserves have to carry?
Carry passes which allowed them to work and live in the city is
What would happen if a black man was found without a pass?
The police would arrest anyone without a pass and they were fined or sent to jail
What did the job colour bar do?
Gave white people jobs rather than black people. A white person was paid more money for doing the same job as a black person
When the white only government route South Africa, who had all positions of power?
The whites
When did the National party come to an end? 
1994
Who does not appreciate what it meant for those to live under apartheid?
Born frees
Define born frees
South Africans born after the end of apartheid, 1994
How many laws did the National party pass?
148 laws
What did the 148 laws aim to do?
Increased power and living standards of whites
Increase the separation of races
Control the movement of black people 
During Apartheid what happened to the white peoples lives? 
White peoples lives generally became better
During apartheid what happened to the black peoples lives?
Black people experience more and more hardship
Who receives the best resources and facilities?
White people were reserved the best of all the resources and facilities
What did the group areas act of 1950 determine?
Where people could live on the basis of the race
What set aside certain areas where only whites, college, Indians and Africans were allowed to live?
Lines were drawn on town and city maps
What would happen to a black person living in a white area?
They had to be removed to a new area set aside for black occupation
Where were white people allowed to live?
The most attractive and valuable part of South Africa
In which type of suburbs did the white people live?
Suburbs near the business Part of the cities 
Where was Sophiatown situated?
Near the centre of the city of Johannesburg
How many people live in Sophia town?
70,000 people, most of them were Africans
Define slum
A district of a city mart by poverty and inferior living conditions 
Why was Sophiatown a suburb of contradictions?
On one hand it was filthy and overcrowded. On the other hand it was home to developing urban black culture
How was Sophia town home to developing urban black culture?
It was vibrant, full of activity and excitement
Define contradiction
Two opposite that are both true at the same time
Who developed the principles of separation further?
Prime minister Dr H F Verwoerd
When did Dr H F Verwoerd develop principles of separation further?
During the 1960s
During the 1960s what did the government turn the reserves into? 
10 separate homelands or bantustans
Define bantustans
Negative word for the reserves were black people were meant to be citizens
Who belonged to the homeland? 
Every African in South Africa would belong to one of these homelands based on the language they spoke
What did Verwoerd claim the homelands to be?
Separate and independent countries
Would Africans have political rights in the homeland?
Africans would have for political rights. They would be able to vote for rulers and develop separately and independently from whites
How many Black people were moved to the homeland? 
3 1/2 million black people
Why were the black people moved into the homeland?
They were living on land that the government declared word for white people only
How did South Africa want to show the rest of the world that it was a democratic country?
Allowing all citizens to have the right to vote
Why did they argue that blacks were not denied their political rights?
They had the right to vote in their homelands
Why did black people not have political rights in South Africa?
They were not citizens of South Africa
Did anyone recognise the homelands as separate and independent countries?
No international community recognise that the homelands were separate and independent countries
What did the policy forcing black people to move into homelands, have on the black people?
Caused enormous hardship for African people. They were unable to make a living
Where there any facilities in the homeland?
There were no facilities such as clinics, schools, libraries or sports in these areas
How did black people make a living in the homeland?
Men had to go to White city is to look for work and mothers stayed to look after the children
Where the African man allowed to stay in the White city is permanently while they were working?
They were not allowed to stay permanently but they had to return to the resort every few months
Where did the black people live in the white cities while working?
Workers hostels or in African townships and a poor conditions
What is in the mothers use the money sent to them by their husbands for?
To support themselves and their children
What helps us understand that race does not exist?
Understanding human evolution
What does the study of human ever louche and show us?
All human share a common ancestry
Why is the concept of human race is not scientific?
Physical features such as skin colour, hair type and facial shape, does not relate to how people think or behave
What determines the colour of our skin?
Genes
Define genes
Chemical codes in the nucleus of every living thing
Why is behaviour learned and not inherited?
Human beings of different religions and cultures do you behave differently
Define ideology
A set of beliefs, values and ideas
What was apartheid ideology?
If you skin colour and other physical characteristics of South Africans to classify people into race groups
What was the apartheid system built on?
Racism
Define racism
Defaults idea that certain groups of people are better than others
True or false:
Racism is a false idea or myth 
True
Define myth
A story that is not true, that tries to explain something
What do racists believe in?
To divide the human race into different race groups and believe it is acceptable to exclude or dominate certain of these groups on the grounds of the race
Who were superior in the apartheid ideology?
Light-skinned people were superior to dark skin people
What was the apartheid ideology used to justify?
The oppression of black South Africans
What does apartheid mean?
Apartness
What type of policy was apartheid?
And in human policy which kept white South African separate from black South Africans
What were the non-whites Categories called in which they were divided?
Native, Bantu, coloured and Indian people
Why did the National party not to use the term African?
Translation of the word Afrikaner 
