World War II Flashcards
1
Q
Lend Lease Act
A
- Approved by Congress in 1941
- Allowed FDR to direct material (i.e. weapons) to Allied Powers without violating terms of neutrality
- Transfers companies from consumer goods to wartime production goods
2
Q
War Production Board (WPB)
A
-Stops making “non-essential items” and shifts to war production after the Lend-Lease act is approved
3
Q
Rationing System
A
- The Office of Price Administration (OPA) issued ration books with “points”
- The points had to be turned in along with money to purchase goods made with restricted / “essential” items
4
Q
War Labor Board (WLB)
A
- Imposes ceilings on wage increases
- Causes unions call for strikes
5
Q
Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act (1943)
A
- Allowed government to take over striking industries
- Hands on approach
- Pro labor unions
6
Q
Fair Employment Practices Commision (FEPC)
A
- Created by FDR
- Purpose = to monitor compliance with his executive order that forbade discrimination in defense industries
- Increased African American employment in war industries
7
Q
“Victory Tax” of 1942
A
- Sharply raised income tax rates
- Allowed taxes to be withheld directly from paychecks
- The wealthy don’t like it
8
Q
Liberty Bonds
A
- Sold to finance the war from personal savings
- Tapping into patriotic fervor
- Nearly 186 million dollars worth of war bonds were purchased during the U.S.’s time during the war
9
Q
The Double-V Campaign
A
- A victory in the war abroad and over racism at home
- Originated from a Pittsburgh newspaper article (largest black newspaper in the U.S. at the time)
- Tried to show that the war effort wouldn’t have been as big without African American help
- Sets up the nation for the upcoming Civil Rights Movement
10
Q
Johnson-Reed Act
A
- Severely limited the number of immigrants coming to America from ‘less socially desirable areas’
- Targeted Chinese, Japanese and immigrants from Southern & Eastern Europe (Jewish)
11
Q
M.S.S. St. Louis
A
- Ship carrying > 900 passengers
- Mostly immigrants from Germany
- Refused by Cuban, American, and Canadian authorities
- More than 300 of them would be killed in the Final Solution
12
Q
Henry Ford and Antisemitism
A
- One of the most outspoken supporters for Hitler & anti-semitic views in the 1920s and 1930s
- Wrote and received letters from Hitler reinforcing his anti-semitic opinions
13
Q
Father Coughlin
A
- From Detroit, Michigan (a cesspool of anti-semitic beliefs)
- Hosted a radio shows where he blamed Jewish Americans as a large factor in the Great Depression
- Praised Hitler’s efforts
- Encouraged American support and partnership with Nazi Germany
14
Q
Page Act of 1875
A
- Sponsored by Ulysses S. Grant
- Prevented the immigration of Chinese Women to the U.S.
- Similar treatment to Chinese Immigrants during WWII
15
Q
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
A
- Purpose = to exclude Chinese immigrants for a period of 10 years (lasts for 60)
- Similar to treatment of Chinese Americans during WWII
16
Q
Rocks Spring Massacre 1885
A
- Thousands of Chinese Immigrants out of work because of the failure of railroad companies; move to Wyoming to look for work
- Wyoming citizens were upset because they felt Chinese took their jobs
- Over 25-30 people murdered and hung throughout the town
- When survivors come back with the army to protect them, wild dogs and hogs were feeding on the dead bodies
- Everyone who was arrested was acquitted
17
Q
The Gentleman’s Agreement
A
- Restricted Japanese immigration
- Japan agreed with the U.S. that any immigrants would be Japanese high-ranking business officials
18
Q
Attack on Pearl Harbor
A
- Some Japanese Americans were working as spies in the late 1930s
- Destroy American ships and planes at the Pearl Harbor naval base on December 7th, 1941
- Causes massive movement on the assumption Japanese Americans can’t be trusted
19
Q
Walter Littman
A
- One of the first true great American Journalists after 1942
- Invents terms stereotype and Cold War
- Wrote a horrific account of Japanese Americans saying that the only solution was to throw them in concentration camps because they could not be trusted in his eyes
20
Q
Japanese Internment
A
- Atrocities like Bataan Death March fuel Anti- Japanese sentiment
- Set forth by Executive Order 9066
- 10,000 Japanese Americans on the Pacific Coast are forced into camps
21
Q
Korematsu v. United States
A
- 1944
- Supreme Court upholds the constitutionality of the internment camps
- Like Schenck v. United States, the Federal Government has the power to restrict people’s rights during wartime
22
Q
Manhattan Project
A
- Project to develop the atomic bomb
- Bombs used previously had not faltered Japan’s will to win the war
23
Q
V-J Day
A
- August 15, 1945
- After the U.S. drops the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
- Japan surrenders unconditionally
