The Progressive Era

Question 1

Upton Sinclair

Answer 1

• Author of “Into the Jungle’

- Documented poor working conditions in the meatpacking industry

Question 2

Ida Tarbell

Answer 2

• Author of “History of the Standard Oil Company”

- Exposed Rockefeller’s business practices.

Question 3

Jacob Riis

Answer 3

• Author of “How the Other Half Lives”

- Documented poor living conditions of cities throughout the U.S. through writings and photographs.

Question 4

Gustavus Meyers

Answer 4

• Forgotten journalist and historian who focused on the negative impacts of the Industrial Revolution.
• Focused most of his writings on Cornelius Vanderbilt (and others) and how their wealth had a negative impact on the developments of America.

Question 5

Lincoln Steffens

Answer 5

• Author of “The Shame of the Cities”

- Dedicated his journalism to investigating city governments and the process by which local leaders were elected.

Question 6

Margret Sanger

Answer 6

• Author of “How Shall We Change the Law”

- Pushed for healthcare reforms, specifically in making contraceptives more available to women.

Question 7

Melting Pot

Answer 7

• Many different ethnic groups lived in cities creating a “melting pot” of cultures and ideas.

Question 8

The Great Migration

Answer 8

• Millions of African Americans escape Jim Crow laws and leave the South in search economic/political rights.
• 1910 to 1940

Question 9

Nativism

Answer 9

• The natavist movement resurfaces.
• Nativism was a reaction against change
• An attempt to preserve American culture.

Question 10

Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 10

• Restricted the number of Chinese immigrants entering the United States.

Question 11

Muckraker’s Impact

Answer 11

• Federal regulation of business
  
  • Improve working conditions
  • Improve living conditions

Question 12

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

Answer 12

• Improved Business Practices
• Improved Working Conditions
• Improved Living Conditions
• Conservation

Question 13

Sherman Antitrust Act

Answer 13

• First legislation that gave the Federal Government power to dismantle Trusts.
• The language in the Sherman Antitrust Act was too vague to allow trusts to be broken up.

Question 14

Theodore Roosevelt

Answer 14

• President from 1901 to 1909.
• McKinley was assassinated, Roosevelt became president because he was VP.
• Big imperialist.
• Square Deal.
• “Speak softly but carry a big stick.”
• Democrat.

Question 15

Northern Securities CO v. United States

Answer 15

• Supreme Court rules that the Federal Government has the authority to dissolve a business for violating the Sherman Antitrust Act.
• The Supreme Court ordered Northern Securities CO to dissolve their partnerships or face further legal action.
• Republican-Conservatives were angry with Roosevelt but the public loved him.

Question 16

Elkins Act

Answer 16

• Prohibited railroad companies from giving rebates to their wealthiest customers.
• (Roosevelt).

Question 17

The Hepburn Act

Answer 17

• Gave more power to the Interstate Commerce Act to set railroad rates for fair pricing.
• (Roosevelt).

Question 18

Department of Labor

Answer 18

• Roosevelt created the Department of labor to oversee business practices throughout the country.

Question 19

1902 Coal Strike

Answer 19

• Coal workers in Pennsylvania were threatening to strike for better wages and working conditions.
• Roosevelt invited both sides to the White House to negotiate a deal
• He helped negotiate a deal that would bring the coal workers back to work without any violence.
• Roosevelt then helps pass legislation that makes it illegal for a worker to be discriminated against for joining a union.

Question 20

Pure Food & Drug Act 1906

Answer 20

• The Federal Government would create commissions to regulate foods and pharmaceutical drugs that would be sold to the general public.
• (Roosevelt).

Question 21

Meat Inspection Act 1906

Answer 21

• The Federal Government would create commissions that would inspect meat packing plants across the country to ensure the safety and quality control of meat production.

Question 22

Teddy Roosevelt & Conservation

Answer 22

• Started the National Wildlife Refuge System.

- Increased the National Park System.

Question 23

Platt Ammendment

Answer 23

• Cuba could not sign treaties with foreign powers that impaired their independence.
• Permitted the U.S. to intervene in Cuba’s affairs to preserve its independence and maintain law & order.
• Allowed the U.S. to keep naval bases in Cuba.

Question 24

Teddy Roosevelt & Imperialism

Answer 24

• Wanted to increase U.S. markets throughout the Western Hemisphere and Pacific Ocean.
• Oversaw the the passage of the Platt Amendment in Cuba
• Looked to increase American domain in Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic.

Question 25

Opening of Japan (blast to the past)

Answer 25

• In 1854 commodore Matthew Perry visits Japan and convinces them to open-up their ports to trade with the U.S.
• Japan and the U.S. make a treaty which allows the U.S. to sell goods throughout the country (Meiji Restoration).
• Japan becomes an industrialized nation who trades with the U.S. for natural resources.

Question 26

Annexation of Hawaii

Answer 26

• In the mid-19th century, American farmers moved to Hawaii and began creating Sugar Plantations.
• Sanford B. Dole took steps, along with U.S. ministers, to increase the size and power of the American planters in Hawaii & negotiating treaties with the Hawaiian monarchy to limit Hawaiian authority
• 1887 Constitution allowed for the U.S. to build a naval base in Hawaii (Pearl Harbor).
• Queen Liliuokalani refused to recognize the Constitution and Dole tried to organize a coup against her.
• The U.S. annexes Hawaii in 1898.

Question 27

Panama Canal

Answer 27

• Canal that runs through Panama connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
• Was ultimately created to make the U.S. more powerful (symbolized U.S. technological prowess and economic power).
• Opened in 1914.

Question 28

The Roosevelt Corollary

Answer 28

• Reinforced the the policies set by the Monroe Doctrine.
• U.S. would continue to invest in the Western Hemisphere and not get involved in European affairs.
• However, if Europe were to involve themselves in the Western Hemisphere, the U.S. would resort to a military response.
• ”Speak softly, but carry a big stick.”

Question 29

Roosevelt Steps Down

Answer 29

• After winning reelection in 1904, Roosevelt steps down and goes on a hunting trip in Africa.
• Picks William Howard Taft to continue the Roosevelt-Policy.

Question 30

William Howard Taft

Answer 30

• Republican.
• Even though he was hand-picked by Roosevelt, he strayed away from Roosevelt’s policies and sided with more conservative Republicans on the issues of trusts/regulation of businesses.

Question 31

Election of 1912

Answer 31

• Republican Candidate: Howard Taft.
• Democratic Candidate: Woodrow Wilson.
• Progressive Candidate: Theodore Roosevelt.
• Because Roosevelt was so popular, especially amongst Republicans, the Republican Party vote was split between him and Taft which allowed Wilson to have an easy victory.

Question 32

Woodrow Wilson

Answer 32

• Democrat.
• Racist.
• Created the Federal Reserve.

Question 33

Woodrow Wilson

Answer 33

• Wanted to reduce the number of trusts/monopolies in order to restore competition.
• Triple Wall of Privilege.
• Democrat.
• Sympathized with the Confederacy and Jim Crow legislation.
• Fired 15 of the 17 African-Americans who held federally appointed positions.
• Segregated the army.
• Said he would not appoint African-Americans to federal jobs where it caused ‘friction’ in his inaugural address.

Question 34

Woodrow Wilson’s Triple Wall of Privilege

Answer 34

• Plan would help improve the following conditions in America:
  1. Tariffs
  2. Trusts
  3. Banking

Question 35

Underwood Tariff Bill

Answer 35

• Reduced Tariff rates from 40% to 26%.
• Also introduced legislation for the first Income Tax:
  
  • Tax based on your income.
  • Wealthier pay more than poorer people.

Question 36

Federal Trade Commission Act 1914

Answer 36

• Outlaws unfair business practices in terms of limiting competition and the creation of monopolies.

Question 37

Clayton Antitrust Act 1914

Answer 37

• Strengthened and cleared up confusion from the Sherman Antitrust Act.
• Allowed individuals, and companies to sue other companies for violating the Clayton Antitrust Act.
• Would receive triple the damages if convicted.

Question 38

Woodrow Wilson’s Revenue Act of 1913

Answer 38

• Raised Tariffs.

- Created the Federal Income Tax.

Question 38

Federal Reserve

Answer 38

-Central bank which helps create monetary policy, interest rates, and supervision of privately run banks.