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APUSH > The Federalist Era > Flashcards

The Federalist Era Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

George Washington

A

Elected in 1792 and became the first president, federalist, supporter of the national bank, supported by the wealthy Northeast, sympathetic towards Britain.

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2
Q

Washington’s Cabinet

A 
Secretary of State- Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of Treasury- Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of War- Henry Knox
Attorney General- Edmond Randolph
(VP)- John Adams
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3
Q

Problems the country faces

A
  • Split on the role of the Federal gov.
    (National bank, who controls the our military, what is our role in the world?)
  • Split on slavery
    (Free states v. slave states, fugitive slave act)
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4
Q

Federalist Papers

A
  • Persuasive articles arguing for a Federalist position published in a NYC newspaper
  • Authored anonymously by J. Madison, A. Hamilton, and J. Jay
  • Important in swaying NY opinion during this time period.
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5
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

Washington’s Secretary of the Treasury; came-up with the National Bank; argued that if the U.S. adopted the National Bank, we would have more financial flexibility in paying off debts from the Revolutionary War/establishing lines of credit with foreign nations.

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6
Q

Federalists

A
  • Believed in a strong, centralized government.
  • Emphasis on manufacturing & shipping.
  • Loose interpretation of the Constitution.
  • Favored the National Bank.
  • Favored protective tariffs.
  • Sympathetic towards Britain.
  • Washington, Hamilton, Adams, Jay, Marshall
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7
Q

Democratic Republicans (Anti-Federalists)

A
  • Believed in strong state governments.
  • Emphasis on agriculture.
  • Strict interpretation of the Constitution.
  • Opposed the National Bank.
  • Opposed protective tariffs.
  • Sympathetic towards France.
  • Jefferson, Madison, Monroe
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8
Q

The Compromise (National Bank)

A

For the National Bank to be passed through Congress, Hamilton needed Jefferson to convince the Democratic-Republicans to vote for the bank.

  • National Bank gets established.
  • Southern States would only had to pay a small portion of their war debts to Federal Government.
  • Federal Capital would be moved from New York City to Washington D.C.
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9
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A
  • Began in 1791.
  • Hamilton raises taxes on wheat..
  • Poor, western Pennsylvanian farmers resist this new tax by refusing to pay.
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10
Q

The Federalist’s Argument

A
  • Hamilton and Adams argued that getting involved in the French Revolution would cost money and create future enemies in Europe.
  • The best thing for America to do was stay neutral.
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11
Q

Jay Treaty

A
  • Signed November 19, 1794 and negotiated by John Jay.

- America and Great Britain agreed to at least 10 years of peaceful trades between the nations.

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12
Q

Virginia Resolves

A
  • Written by Thomas Jefferson after Washington refuses to aid France in their revolution.
  • Says that sates have the power to nullify certain federal laws they find unconstitutional.
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13
Q

Washington’s Farewell Address

A
  • Washington opts not to run for a third term.
  • Discouraged Americans from forming political parties.
  • Encouraged America to stay neutral in foreign affairs.
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14
Q

Election of 1796

A
  • John Adams (Federalist) vs. Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican).
  • John Adams becomes the 2nd president.
  • Thomas Jefferson becomes Adam’s VP.
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15
Q

John Adams

A

2nd U.S. president; combative and argumentative with members of both parties; very opinionated; wanted to continue Washington’s policies.

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16
Q

Impressments

A
  • The French tried recruiting Americans as soldiers for their revolution.
  • French seized American ships out in the open sea.
17
Q

XYZ Affair

A
  • Adams sent 3 diplomats to Paris in regards to the impressments to negotiate peace.
  • French officials demand a bribe before negotiations can begin; diplomats refuse to comply with their demands.
  • Adams replaced the names of the French diplomats with the letters ‘X,’ ‘Y,’ ‘Z.’
  • Resulted in many people becoming angry with France.
18
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A
  • Citizenship requirements were raised from 5 years to 14 years.
  • Authorized the President to deport ‘Aliens’ and permitted their arrest, imprisonment, and deportation during wartime.
  • People were not allowed to speak-out against the government in any way.
19
Q

The Logan Act

A

Criminalized unauthorized diplomatic negotiations.

20
Q

Election of 1800

A
  • Thomas Jefferson vs. John Adams.
  • Jefferson becomes president with Aaron Burr as his VP.
  • Both are Democratic-Republicans.
21
Q

The Midnight Judges

A
  • The judges that Adams nominated before leaving office (all were loyal Federalists).
22
Q

Marbury vs. Madison

A
  • Justice John Marshall ruled that ruled that the Supreme Court has the authority of ‘judicial review’; they can interpret the Constitution and decide on the constitutionality of laws/ presidential orders.
  • Court rules in favor of Madison.
23
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

3rd U.S. president; America’s first Anti-Federalist president; his goal was to give the states more rights and to suppress the power of the Federal government.

24
Q

The Louisiana Purchase

A
  • In 1803, France sells the lands west of the Mississippi River to the U.S. for 2 million.
  • This gives America access to New Orleans (one of the most important port cities).
  • This gave more power to the Federal government.
25
Q

Lewis & Clark

A

Jefferson appointed Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore and journal the newly acquired land.

26
Q

Sacajawea

A
  • Member of the Shoshone tribe.
  • Guided Lewis & Clark on their expedition.
  • Was 16 and pregnant while on the voyage.
  • Negotiated deals and alliances for Lewis & Clark.
27
Q

Aaron Burr

A

Jefferson’s VP; Anti-Federalist; killed Hamilton in a duel; eventually brought-up on treason.

28
Q

Embargo Act of 1807

A
  • Jefferson boycotts trade with France & England.

- This upsets Anti-Federalists because this strengthens the power of the Federal gov.

29
Q

Election of 1808

A
  • Charles Pinckney (Federalist) vs. James Madison (Anti-Federalist).
  • Madison wins.
30
Q

James Madison

A

4th president; says that he is an Anti-Federalist; known as the ‘Father of the Constitution’; vetoed the National Bank; creates the Second National Bank.

31
Q

War of 1812

A
  • Madison told France & England that whoever ended their impressments first would receive a new trade offer from the U.S.
  • France accepted these terms, England did not.
  • U.S. declares war on England.
32
Q

James Monroe

A

5th U.S. president; Virginia native; Anti-Federalist; worked closely with Madison as his Secretary of State and then later, as his Secretary of War.

33
Q

Adams-Onis Treaty

A
  • John Quincy Adams (Monroe’s Secretary of State) negotiates Adams-Onis Treaty.
  • American buys Florida for 5 million.
34
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

A
  • McCulloch (a banker from Maryland) refuses to pay the newly imposed taxes.
  • The Supreme Court rules in favor of Maryland.
  • Says that the Federal gov. has the right to regulate interstate trade/commerce.
35
Q

Missouri Compromise

A
  • Missouri was declared a slave state
  • Maine would enter as a free state
  • Future states would abide by the 36-30 line
    (states that came in above the line would be free, states below the line would be slave).
36
Q

The Monroe Doctrine

A
  • Warning shot at Europe.

- Encouraged foreign nations to stay out of/ remove themselves from any influences in the Western Hemisphere.

APUSH (24 decks)

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