The Jacksonian Era Flashcards
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Proclamation that countries of the Western Hemisphere “are not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers”
Removal Act of 1830
Congressional act that authorized the removal of all Native American tribes east of the Mississippi to the west; The Trail of Tears and other forced migrations caused the death of thousands
The Liberator
Abolitionist newspaper begun by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831
Spoils system
System used heavily during the presidency of Andrew Jackson whereby political supporters of the winning candidate are given jobs in the government
Nullification
In reaction to tariff legislation passed in 1828, the South Carolina legislature explored the possibility of this, by which individual states could rule on the constitutionality of federal laws
Whig Party
- Political party that emerged in the 1830s in opposition to the Democratic Party
- Favored policies that promoted commercial and industrial growth.
- Blend of Jeffersonian Republicans and Federalist beliefs.
- Supported expansion of slavery into the West.
Henry Clay’s Corrupt Bargain
John Quincy Adams promises Henry CLay a spot in his cabinet if he was able to convince Congress to vote for him
Gibbons vs. Ogden
Supreme Court case in which it is ruled that people need a license to trade and states cannot regulate commerce on interstate trade because the federal government controls trade and banking; this ruling reinforces the power of the federal government
Albany Regency
Group created by Martin Van Buren that formed powerful protesting groups, organizations, and committees to fight against “elite” political groups of New York; supports Jackson’s candidacy and the extension of voting rights to white men who don’t own property
Democratic Party
New party that is formed by Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and John C. Calhoun
Mudslinging
When a candidate resorts to attacking another candidate’s character in an election
Nullification Crisis
- In response to the Tariffs, Calhoun goes back to South Carolina and encourages the state government to nullify the tariffs and secede from the Union
- Henry Clay tries to end this crisis by trying to convince Calhoun to agree to support the new tariff legislation, but Calhoun still resigns as Vice President
The Great Triumvirate/ Founders of the Whig Party
Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster
Worcester vs. Georgia
Supreme Court case that rules that no state could negotiate with the Native Americans, only the federal government can
Andrew Jackson’s Pet Banks
President Andrew Jackson gives $10 million of the government’s funds to his favorite state banks even though it is unconstitutional to allocate federal funds
Trail of Tears
A near 1,000-mile walk of forced Indian removal in which many Native Americans died along the journey
Panic of 1837
An economic downturn that results in lower wages, high interest rates, and little economic activity caused by failure of Pet Banks and the acception of only hard currency in banks
Cotton Gin
Invention by Eli Whitney that revolutionizes the production of cotton, making it the new cash crop of the South; this invention also promotes Westward expansion
Treaty of St. Louis
- William Henry Harrison meets with Native American leaders and made them sign a treaty that had them give-up their lands from Missouri to Wisconsin
- Native Americans were outraged by this deal because they were tricked into signing it because of the language barrier
Battle of Tippecanoe 1811
Native Americans try to fight against Harrison’s unfair treaties and forcible removal of the Native Americans, but Harrison’s troops burn the Native American Confederacy of Tribes’ town to the ground
War of 1812
Native Americans are on the British’s side because of the Battle of Tippecanoe and the war resulted in Britain suing for peace because they didn’t want a long drawn out war, so the Native Americans are left on their own with their issues with the Americans
Erie Canal
Canal built from 1817 to 1823 that turns merchants’ attention to the heart of America rather than Europe
Cumberland Road/ National Road/ National Turnpike
First road to be funded by the federal government, encourages westward expansion, and paves the way for an interstate highway system; the project takes over 20 years because it is transferred from federal hands to state hands
Black Hawk War
War between Native Americans and the Americans because the Native Americans want to reestablish the lands that were stolen from them in unfair treaties; Black Hawk and his coalition ultimately fail, and Harrison brings Black Hawk to President Jackson, who humiliates him in order to make an example out of him
