Pre-Civil Rights Movement

Question 1

Jack Johnson v. Jim Jeffreys

Answer 1

• peak of Jim Crow Laws
• boxing brought blacks and whites together
• people were upset an African American was not only included, but the best (they brought a champion, Jim Jeffreys “the Great White Hope,” but Johnson won)
• blacks and whites crowded around post offices and movie theaters for results which lifted Jim Crow Laws
• African Americans celebrated which lead to National Race Riots

Question 2

National Race Riots (1910)

Answer 2

• whites v. African Americans after Jack Johnson won
• knife and bullet wounds, some African Americans were lynched
• twenty-six people were murdered

Question 3

Civil Rights Cases (1883)

Answer 3

• Jim Crow Legislation was made legal

- trip point: Rutherford B. Hayes signed the Compromise of 1877

Question 4

Jim Crow Legislation

Answer 4

• laws from 1860-1960
• segregated schools, railroads, public accommodations, street cars, and outlawed miscegenation
• restricted voting rights

Question 5

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Answer 5

• “separate but equal”

- allowed for Jim Crow Legislation

Question 6

Booker T. Washington

Answer 6

• through vocational training, African Americans could become the best of the best in those fields and gain an important place in society (the long game)
• peaceful track to equality (worked until they were viewed as equal)
• creator of “Tuskegee Institute”
• author of ‘Up From Slavery’

Question 7

Tuskegee Institute

Answer 7

• founded in 1881
• created by Booker T. Washington to further African American education
• vocational training (trade/manual labor jobs) and traditional education

Question 8

Atlanta Compromise Speech

Answer 8

• “new south”
• speech given by Booker T. Washington
• advocated for African Ameircans to become trained in vocational jobs in order to eventually achieve equality

Question 9

African American Conservatives

Answer 9

• William Hannibal Thomas
  - supported segregation
• William Hooper Councill
  - believed in separate but equal
  - believed segregation provided African Americans to create their own communities (like small businesses)

Question 10

Atlanta Washerwoman Strike

Answer 10

• predominantly African American females
• went on strike and employers gave in because they were the most skilled and valuable workers
• one of the first successful strikes
• supported Booker T. Washington’s ideas

Question 11

W.E.B. DuBois

Answer 11

• wants equality now
• first African American to graduate from Harvard
• wrote ‘ Souls of Black Folk’ to share his ideas
• creator of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)

Question 12

W.E.B. DuBois’ Niagara Movement (1905)

Answer 12

• started by W.E.B. DuBois
• economic, educational , and voting opportunities for African Americans
• like Seneca Falls Convention (blacks and whites made an agenda to overturn black codes and segregation)

Question 13

Talented Tenth Speech

Answer 13

• speech W.E.B. DuBois
• advocated for African Americans to get higher levels of education to become the most educated, and the most educated ones would become the community leaders, pushing for change

Question 14

Ida B. Wells

Answer 14

• author of ‘Southern Horrors’ and ‘Crusade of Justice’
• anti-lynching advocate
• National Association of Colored Women

Question 15

Lynching and the KKK

Answer 15

• lynching was nationwide
• thousands of people were murdered by lynching
• primary violent crime of KKK
• KKK membership exploded in the 1920s (100,000)
• white people were lynched for supporting African Americans

Question 16

Adopting Segregation in America

Answer 16

• African American communities shape city-life (Harlem, Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Detroit)
• small businesses, vaudeville (theater), and athletics attract consumers from all communities

Question 17

Jack Johnson

Answer 17

• married a white woman
• fell in love and married prostitutes
• illegal to transport a woman to cross state lines for immoral activities
• federal government used it to prosecute Jack Johnson
• joined Indianapolis ABC team to escape to Canada and later Europe

Question 18

Willard Fight

Answer 18

• Jess Willard was the greatest contender for heavy-weight champion
• Jack Johnson fought him in Havana, Cuba

Question 19

Guinn v. United States (1915)

Answer 19

• helped to overturn voting restrictions for African Americans (Grandfather clause, literacy test, poll tax)
• strengthened the 15th Amendment
• Supreme Court ruled on this in 1915
• during Wilson’s racist presidency

Question 20

East St. Louis Race Riot (1917)

Answer 20

• one hundred African Americans were shot

- result of the Great Migration (African Americans replaced workers that went of strike)

Question 21

Chicago & Omaha Race Riot (1919)

Answer 21

• African Americans were moving into predominantly white neighborhoods as part of the Great Migration
• Eugene Williams, an African American, crossed the segregation line in the swimming area In response, white beachgoers threw stones at him until he drowned to his death, police officers supported whites which lead to violence
• twenty-three blacks and fifteen whites died

Question 22

Causes of WWI

Answer 22

• assasination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
• Central & the Triple Entente
• United States was a part of the Triple Entente (decided to send weapons/supplies)
• Farewell Address, Monroe Doctrine,and Roosevelt Corollary prevented the United States from joining

Question 23

Sinking of the Lusitania & The Zimmerman Telegram

Answer 23

• Germany, wanting to stop U.S. support to England and France, made two drastic measures to stop the United States
  - Sinking of the Lusitania
  - The Zimmerman Telegram
• Congress votes to declare war on Germany and the Central Powers

Question 24

Schenck v. United States

Answer 24

• anyone who seemed against the United States could be considered a spy and enemy of the country
• Shenck felt he could say whatever he wanted
• during times of war first amendment rights are not guaranteed “clear and present danger”

Question 25

African Americans & WWI

Answer 25

• African Americans were the first ones sent to the front
• wrote a letter to the French to tell they to treat african Americans as inferiors because that was how they were treated in the United States, but the French didn’t listen
• African Americans moved to France after the war to achieve more equality

Question 26

Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points

Answer 26

• wanted America to become involved on a global scale (against Roosevelt Corollary)
• creates League of Nations to discuss future wars
• Congress rejects Fourteen Points (maintain neutrality)

Question 27

End of the War

Answer 27

• Europe was in shambles, United States was unscathed
• Europe became dependent on American goods
• leads to roaring twenties (one of the greatest economic time period)