The Colonies

Question 1

Jamestown, Virginia

Answer 1

In 1607, the Virgnia Company settled on the Northeast bank of the James River. First SUCCESSFUL English settlement in the ‘New World’ (constant communication & supplies with it) after agreement that England would be permitted to colonize lands of North America that were not already in Spanish conrtol. People went to get rick quick with minerals but found sickness & diseases

Question 2

Roanoke Island

Answer 2

Queen Elizabeth had instructed her explorers to go out in the new world to find ‘natural resources’, so they in small settlements. In the winter of 1586-1587, communicaion with this colony was lost. When John White, the governor, came back from to the colony in yhe spring of 1590, everyone was gone. The only thing left was the word “Croatoan” carved into a tree

Question 3

Capitalism

Answer 3

government has little to no power over econonmy. People & consumers make desicions

Question 4

Free Market System

Answer 4

allows for people in the middle classes to generate as much capital as they wish. (Voyage to costs a lot of money and people who take out loans or are indentured servants are desperate to pay back their loans)

Question 5

Pull Factors

Answer 5

Economic prosperity, limited government interference, less densely populated areas

Question 6

Tobacco

Answer 6

America’s first cash crop (captivted by John Rolfe)

Question 7

Push Factors

Answer 7

Religious persecution, unsafe living conditions in England, limited economic oppurtunities for middle class

Question 8

Mayflower

Answer 8

102 seperalists (believed the Church of England was not reforming fast enough, or well enough, and wanted to spread the protestant faith in the New World) left Holland to sail to America for religious freedom

Question 9

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Answer 9

Pilgrims & Purtians. First colonial government. North led by many religious leaders (as opposed to the South which was mostly headed by investors and companies)

Question 10

Role of Religion

Answer 10

Europe had been englufed in teligious conflict for the past 800 years, and many believed by going to the ‘New World’ it was their religious duty to not only practice but spread their relgious ideas: some Native American and African Americans would convert

Question 11

Squanto

Answer 11

Taught Pilgrims how to cultivate crops that would get them through the next winter, couldn’t have survived without him

Question 12

Roger Williams

Answer 12

Founded Rhode Island; Puritan

Question 13

New England Colonies

Answer 13

Major hub for trading, Imports (Tea, Irons, Metals, Horses, etc.) / Exports (Lumber, Cattle, Fishing, and Textiles), produce no cash crops, big cities (Boston, Bridgeport), industrial revoltion with mindset of dedication

Question 14

William Penn

Answer 14

Founder of Pennsylvania, big believer of religious freedom, Quaker. King James I owed his father debt so he sponsered William Penn a company to the land that became as Pennsylvania

Question 15

Middle Colonies

Answer 15

A mix of traders and farmsmen, relied on trade and farming but not as successful in it as New England colonies or Southern colonies, sold wheat, bread and whiskey, cities: Philadelphia and NYC

Question 16

Early Colonial Governments

Answer 16

Town Meetings, The Religous Society of Friends, Virginia House of Burgesses

Question 17

Southern Colonies

Answer 17

Relied heavily on cash crops (tobacco, rice, indigo) which were sold extensively throughout the rest of the colonies and Europe, slave labor, cities: Charleston

Question 18

Mercantalism

Answer 18

A British policy for their colonies, in which the existence of the colonies is to provide the ‘mother country’ (England) with resources. The colonists were extended British rights as they continued to serve in their role as colonies to England

Question 19

Salutary Neglect

Answer 19

British colonists are extended British rights, and with that, are allowed to create their own governing bodies to oversee their respected colonies

Question 20

Republic

Answer 20

A government in which elected representatives will make laws and decisions on behalf of the citizens of the colony

Question 21

Salem Witch Trials

Answer 21

After a smallpox epidemic and numerous Native American attacks, members of teh Massachusetts Bay Colony turned to religion to explain why life had become so difficult. Over 100 people in Salem, Massachusetts were accussed of witchcraft and 19 people were killed (burned at the stake)

Question 22

Native American Interactions

Answer 22

Conflicts arise as more Europeans began to take Native American lands (ex. giving blankets exposed to smallpox resulting in Native Americans dying from new diseases)

Question 23

The Middle Passage (Atlantic Slave Trade)

Answer 23

40% of slaves died on the journey from Africa to the Caribbean Islands. Slave ships had no bathrooms –> dying from diseases, horrible conditions (ex. forced feeding)

Question 24

Slavery in the Colonies

Answer 24

Slaves make up large % of southern population, generate high incomes for southern colonies through labor of cash crops

Question 25

French & Indian War Causes

Answer 25

British colonists kept pushing into Native American lands, increasing hostilies. French came to aid of Native Americans because of long standing trading relationships (British came to aid of colonists) {Part of the ‘Seven Years War’}

Question 26

French & Indian War Outcomes

Answer 26

Huge win for England (now sole global power) and colonists saw as ultimate win, but then Parliament got the bill…
British believed the colonists created the conflicts with Native Americans so they should have to pay for the war
Colonists believed they scored a major win (Salutary neglect meant they did what they needed to get resources for England)

Question 27

The Zong Ship Massacre

Answer 27

113 slaves were drowned on the Middle Passage; would not insure if they died to disease or malnutrition, would only be insured if they tried to escape; he didn’t have enough food so he started drowning them to get his insurance.