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History > World History to 1350 CE > Flashcards

World History to 1350 CE Flashcards

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1
Q

The ages in order - 3

A

Stone age: Split into Paleolithic and Neolithic. Paleo being hunter and gatherer and Neolithic being Agricultural movement. (2mil - 10,000 BCE)

Bronze Age: First civilizations. First writing systems. Mesopotamia. 3100-1200 BCE

Iron age: 500 BCE - 800 CE

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2
Q

Sumerian Civilization (named for city of Sumer) - 7

A

ca. 4,000 - 1750 BCE

First writing, Cuneiform

Created the Epic of Gilgamesh

The wheel (circa 3500 BCE)

Ships used for trade and travel

Complex economy

Ziggurats (the Great Ziggurat of Ur)

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3
Q

Akkadian Empire (named for city of Akkad)

A

ca. 2350 - 2150 BCE

First Empire created by king Sargon

Early Semitic language

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4
Q

Babylonian

A

1894 BCE - 1531 BCE and again from 626 - 539 BCE

Hammurabi’s Code of laws is one of the earliest significant writings and the first known code of laws.

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5
Q

Assyrian Empire (named for city of Asur)

A

ca. 900 BCE - 600 BCE

War-related technologies: cavalry, siege warfare, iron weapons

Assyria is known for its aggressive policies of expansion. Assyrian religion was centered on conquest and expansion of power and influence.

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6
Q

Hittite Civilization

A

1650 BCE - 1190 BCE

Major developments in iron-working and chariot warfare

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7
Q

Bronze Age

A

A historical period characterized by the use of bronze which changed society by making farming easier. (3300 BCE-1200 BCE)

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8
Q

Hammurabi

A

Babylonian king who expanded Babylon and united southern Mesopotamia, reigned from 1792 to 1750 BCE

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9
Q

Holocene Epoch

A

current geologic time period of humankind

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10
Q

Mongols

A

Nomadic desert people from Mongolia. They migrated on horseback and conquered the land from China to Eastern Europe including Russia and Persia.

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11
Q

Julius Caesar

A

A general and politician of the Roman Republic who made himself consul and dictator who began Rome’s move from a republic to an empire. Assassinated by a group of senators who were pro-republic.

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12
Q

Phoenicians

A

Developed an alphabet that became the model for the Greek and Latin alphabets.

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13
Q

Ming Dynasty

A

Chinese dynasty that overthrew the Mongols and created the Great Wall and the Forbidden City

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14
Q

English Renaissance Period

A

era of English literature situated during the reign of Elizabeth I, famous for drama (plays) and a focus on human character (1550-1660)

Literature: Hamlet (and the rest of Shakespeare’s works), Dr. Faustus by Christopher Marlowe

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15
Q

Acropolis

A

An ancient citadel on a high hill of Athens, Greece, which contains the remains of several ancient buildings including the Parthenon, a temple dedicated to the deity Athena.

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16
Q

Direct democracy

A

A system of government in which all eligible citizens can vote on every issue

Ancient Greeks

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17
Q

Augustus Caesar

A

The first Roman emperor, ruled after Julius Caesar was assassinated

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18
Q

Place in order with years please

Dark ages

Enlightenment

Hellenistic

Roman

The renaissance

Middle ages

A

Hellenistic = 329-30

Roman = 30-476

Dark ages = 476-1060

Middle ages = 476-1453

The renaissance = 1300-1600

Enlightenment = 1685-1815

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19
Q

Peloponnesian War

A

a conflict between the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta fought between 431 and 404 BCE. Sparta won the war and became the most powerful city-state in Greece.

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20
Q

Alexander The Great

A

Greek military leader and king who conquered the Persian kingdom and spread Hellenistic culture (greek culture) throughout the known world

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21
Q

Sophocles

A

Greek. A playwright of dramas and comedies still performed today

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22
Q

Golden Age of Greece

A

A time in ancient Greece (around 450 BCE), centered around Athens in which there was no war and the arts and architecture thrived.

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23
Q

Paleolithic Era

A

the period during which humans evolved and engaged in nomadic, hunter-gatherer lifestyles (roughly 2 million years ago - roughly 10,000 BCE)

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24
Q

Sumerians

A

Earliest known civilization in southern Mesopotamia

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25
Q

Constantine

A

Emperor of Rome (306 - 337 CE); legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire

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26
Q

Caliphate

A

an Islamic state under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph

the Umayyad Caliphate extended Islam into Europe

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27
Q

Hieroglyphics

A

A form of picture writing on papyrus developed around 3300 BCE by the Egyptians.

28
Q

Eratosthenes

A

Greek mathematician and geographer who founded the science of geography and accurately calculated Earth’s size

29
Q

Manor

A

Unit of land, originally a feudal lordship, consisting of a lord’s lands and other lands rented to tenants.

30
Q

Siddhartha Gautama

A

The first buddha, founder of the Buddhist religion

31
Q

the split of the Catholic Church into the Western Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church

A

Great Schism

32
Q

Normans

A

a people from France who invaded Great Britain in 1066 CE

33
Q

William The Conqueror

A

Leader of the Normans, conquered Great Britain in 1066

34
Q

Punic Wars

A

A series of three wars by the Romans against the Phoenicians for dominance of the Mediterranean Sea. (264-146 BCE)

35
Q

Constantinople

A

the capital of the Byzantine Empire, captured by the Ottoman army in 1453

36
Q

Genghis Khan

A

A Mongolian-born military leader who created the largest empire in the world by destroying individual tribes in Northeast Asia, and then uniting them under his rule; called the Mongol Empire. (1206 – 1227)

37
Q

Neolithic Era

A

began with the introduction of agriculture, sometimes called the Agricultural Revolution, which prompted the switch from nomadic to sedentary lifestyles, allowing for the development of permanent settlements and, eventually, the dawn of civilization

38
Q

Aristotle (Historical Significance)

A

Greek. Pupil of Plato; influenced philosophers from the Renaissance to today; personal tutor of Alexander the Great

39
Q

Xia Dynasty

A

Oldest chinese dynasty (2070 BCE to 1600 BCE)

40
Q

Harappan Civilization

A

The first civilization in India; located in the Indus River Valley

41
Q

Kingdom of Kush`

A

An ancient kingdom in Nubia, located in the southern Egyptian Nile Valley.

42
Q

Julius Caesar

A

A general and politician of the Roman Republic who made himself consul and dictator who began Rome’s move from a republic to an empire. Assassinated by a group of senators who were pro-republic.

43
Q

Phoenicians

A

Developed an alphabet that became the model for the Greek and Latin alphabets.

44
Q

Confucianism

A

a system of beliefs that focus on the ethical obligation of individuals and the philosophy of how an individual should live

45
Q

Euclid

A

Greek. “Father of Geometry”

46
Q

Ren

A

The central principle of Confucianism: “Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself.”

47
Q

Yellow River

A

The birthplace of ancient Chinese civilizations. Also called “Mother River” and the “Cradle of Chinese Civilization”

48
Q

Thucydides

A

Greek. Authored accounts about the Peloponnesian War and the battles between Athens and Sparta

49
Q

Charlemagne / Charles The Great

A

Ruler of Western Europe and strived to unite Germanic countries and convert them to Christianity, typically through military force.

50
Q

Irrigation

A

The process of moving water from rivers, streams, and aquifers onto drier areas

51
Q

Middle Ages / Medieval Period

A

A period in Europe after the Fall of Rome and up to the Fall of Constantinople (476 CE to 1453 CE). Characterized by Kings controlling territories or smaller empires than what Rome had been. Includes the Black Death.

52
Q

Mongols

A

Nomadic desert people from Mongolia. They migrated on horseback and conquered the land from China to Eastern Europe including Russia and Persia.

53
Q

Division of The Roman Empire

A

Divided by the Emperor Diocletian into the Eastern and Western Empires (285 CE)

54
Q

Taika Reforms

A

reforms in ancient Japan including ending private ownership of land

55
Q

Edict of Thessalonica (380 CE)

A

Edict passed by Roman Emperor Theodosius in 380 CE; made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire.

56
Q

Pericles

A

The leader of Greece during its Golden Age

57
Q

Cyrus the Great

A

founder of the Persian Empire

58
Q

Pharaoh Menes

A

The pharaoh who unified Upper and Lower Egypt in 3150 BCE, which solidified the Egyptian Empire.

59
Q

Dark Ages

A

the first part of the Middle Ages (476 CE to 1050 CE); this period began with the fall of Rome and a decline of Western civilization. Some historians feel this term misrepresents the era and should be phased out of use.

60
Q

The Hebrew civilization originally developed in the area sometimes called:

a
Babylon.

b
the Kingdom of Kush.

c
Canaan.

d
Assyria.

A

c
Canaan.

Option c is the correct answer.
Explanation:
The area along the Mediterranean coast that is now Israel and Palestine was once known as Canaan and was the location of the Ancient Hebrew civilization.

61
Q

Which of the following provided the greatest impetus for the development of skilled trades?

a
the growth of maritime trade routes connecting distant civilizations

b
agricultural innovations that decreased the demand for human labor

c
the rise of nomadic societies that required versatile craftsmanship

d
the spread of contagious diseases that necessitated specialized medical skills

A

Option b is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Agricultural innovations increased the efficiency of many farming processes, leading to a surplus of food production. This allowed some members of societies to shift away from direct agricultural work and focus on developing and honing skills unrelated to food production.

62
Q

Which of the following was an unintended effect of the Crusades?

a
the invention of crossbows

b
the invention of gunpowder

c
expansion of Christianity

d
increased trade with Asia

A

correct
Option d is the correct answer.
Explanation:
The crusades created a demand for Asian goods in Europe.

63
Q

What is the most important consequence of the European crusades that sought to reclaim the Holy Lands in the name of Christendom?

a
reinforced the military strength of Byzantium

b
reclaimed the city of Jerusalem and made it safe for Christians to pilgrimage there

c
established trade with Asia

d
established the authority of the Roman Catholic Church

A

correct
Option c is the correct answer.
Explanation:
The Crusades led to an established trade with Europe and Asia. This trade led to the knowledge of Ancient Greece and Rome to be reintroduced to Europe through Arab traders, igniting the Renaissance and Age of Exploration.

64
Q
A
65
Q

Which of the following best describes the importance of the Kingdom of Kush’s location along the Nile?

a
It enabled them to create trade routes within their kingdom, and also throughout northeastern Africa.

b
It helped fortify the Kush against enemies.

c
Unpredictable flooding made farming difficult and increased their need for trade.

d
It served as a natural border for their kingdom.

A

correct
Option a is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Their location along the Nile enabled them to create trade routes within their kingdom and also throughout northeastern Africa. In a sense, they were trade “middlemen,” as they traded with Egypt, who in turn traded with Mediterranean peoples.

History (14 decks)

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