World History 1350-1850

Question 1

Black Plague / Black Death

Answer 1

An outbreak of the Bubonic Plague. A deadly epidemic that struck Europe in the mid-1300’s and killed millions.

Question 2

Protestant Reformation

Answer 2

the beginning of the decline in the Catholic Church’s political power, shifting away from the view that good works could earn a person a spot in heaven, to the belief that salvation came only through the grace of God.

around 1516

Question 3

Dutch East India Company

Answer 3

One of the first joint-stock companies

Question 4

Enlightenment

Answer 4

17th century intellectual movement centered on the belief that societies could improve through reason, science, and progress, primarily led by the philosophers: Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire, and Montesquieu.

Question 5

Adam Smith

Answer 5

The father of capitalism. Wrote “An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations.” Argued that an invisible hand guides the economy to its greatest productivity.

Question 6

Samuel Slater

Answer 6

Called the “father of the American Industrial Revolution” and the “father of the American factory system.” Brought designs of textile mill machines to America

Question 7

Islamic Golden Age

Answer 7

~700 CE - 1200 CE a period of rapid economic, social, scientific, and cultural advancement in the Islamic world; these advancements inspired the European Renaissance period.

Question 8

Medici

Answer 8

The most powerful Florentine family, gained their wealth as bankers and used it to beautify Florence with art and architecture during the Renaissance.

Question 9

Heliocentricity

Answer 9

the accepted astronomical model that the sun is at the center of our solar system; theory was put forth by Copernicus in 1543 and expanded upon by Galileo in 1632

Question 10

Ottoman Empire / Turkish Empire

Answer 10

Founded in the late 1200s in modern-day Turkey, the Ottoman empire expanded to control Northern Africa, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe.

Question 11

Cyrus Mccormick

Answer 11

Invented the mechanical reaper in 1831

Question 12

Copernicus

Answer 12

first to discredit the church-accepted theory of an Earth-centered universe

Question 13

Constantinople

Answer 13

the capital of the Byzantine Empire, captured by the Ottoman army in 1453

Question 14

Christopher Columbus

Answer 14

Italian explorer who searched for alternate routes to India by traveling west across the Atlantic on four different trips.

Question 15

Indulgence

Answer 15

Instead of completing traditional penance, an indulgence could be purchased from the Catholic Church to receive forgiveness for a sin

Question 16

Renaissance

Answer 16

the rebirth of Europe’s interest in ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome including interest in art and literature. (roughly 1300 CE to 1600 CE); spurred by trading and the Crusades

Note: Dates for the beginnings and endings of long historical periods may differ depending on the region in question or even the opinions of certain historians.

Question 17

Hopi Native Americans

Answer 17

Lived in villages called pueblos in northeastern Arizona. Relied on agriculture. Were known as peaceful people.

Question 18

Cherokee Native Americans

Answer 18

A collection of tribes with common cultural elements. Lived in the southeastern United States but were a widely dispersed population. Relied on agriculture, hunting and gathering.

Question 19

Mesoamerica

Answer 19

A region in the Americas extending from central Mexico through parts of Central America prior to Spanish exploration.

Question 20

Capitalism

Answer 20

An economic system characterized by private, rather than government, ownership of industry. Prices, production, and distribution of goods are determined by competition in a free market.

Question 21

Printing Press

Answer 21

an invention by Johannes Gutenberg in 1450 that allowed for the mass production of printed works

Question 22

New Amsterdam

Answer 22

The most diverse colony which was a Dutch settlement on the southern tip of Manhattan Island.

Question 23

Eli Whitney

Answer 23

Invented the cotton gin in 1794

Question 24

95 Theses

Answer 24

Martin Luther’s document outlining the 95 corrupt practices that he attributed to the Catholic Church

Question 25

Meiji Restoration

Answer 25

Returned the country to emperor-led rule under Emperor Meiji and was a period of modernization for the country.

Question 26

Scientific Revolution

Answer 26

Refers to the advances made in European scientific and mathematical thought based on a new philosophy of experimentation and a belief in progress.

Question 27

Byzantine Empire

Answer 27

a vast, ancient empire; the eastern portion of the empire survived until conquered by the Ottoman army in 1453

Question 28

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 28

Portuguese explorer who organized the first expedition to circumnavigate the earth

Question 29

Conquistadores

Answer 29

Spanish explorers who searched for and found expansive amounts of gold in the New World.

Question 30

Age of Exploration

Answer 30

A period of time from the early 15th Century until the early 17th Century in which European ships traveled around the world in search of new trading routes.

Question 31

John Deere

Answer 31

Designed a steel plow in 1837

Question 32

Laissez-Faire

Answer 32

Adam Smith’s theory that the government should not interfere in the economy; translates to “let the people do as they choose.”

Question 33

Classical Era (Antiquity)

Answer 33

~700 BCE - 400 CE - Refers to the golden age of Ancient Greek and Roman culture, including the writing of classical plays and the works of Homer and a boom in science, math, and philosophy; saw a resurgence during the European Renaissance.

Question 34

Francis Bacon

Answer 34

Introduced the idea of the scientific method and experimentation based on empirical (verifiable) evidence.

Question 35

Prince Henry The Navigator

Answer 35

Most notable explorer who found alternate trade routes to India through investing in larger and better ships

Question 36

Galileo Galilei

Answer 36

Improved the telescope and used it to prove Copernicus’ heliocentric theory.

Question 37

Spanish Armada

Answer 37

Defeated by the English Navy led by Sir Francis Drake; established England as the leading European naval power

Question 38

Industrial Revolution

Answer 38

period of rapid growth in using machines for manufacturing and production; began in Great Britain in the mid-1700’s

Question 39

Middle Ages / Medieval Period

Answer 39

A period in Europe after the Fall of Rome and up to the Fall of Constantinople (476 CE to 1453 CE). Characterized by Kings controlling territories or smaller empires than what Rome had been. Includes the Black Death.

Question 40

Triangular Trade

Answer 40

Trade between the Americas, Europe, and Africa

Question 41

Rene Descartes

Answer 41

Developed the theory of deductive reasoning; also called the Father of Modern Philosophy.

Question 42

Robert Fulton

Answer 42

Invented the steamboat in 1807

Question 43

Mehmed the Conqueror

Answer 43

Ottoman sultan responsible for the capture of Constantinople

Question 44

Geocentric

Answer 44

Ancient theory of an Earth-centered universe; put forth by Ptolemy.

Question 45

Jacques Cartier

Answer 45

French explorer who was the first to search for a water route from the Atlantic to the Pacific

Question 46

Mohican Native Americans

Answer 46

A confederacy of five tribes along the Hudson River. Lived primarily on agriculture, but also some hunting and gathering. Lived in longhouses

Question 47

Columbian Exchange

Answer 47

The transferring of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the Americas after Christopher Columbus’ arrival.

Question 48

Iroquois Confederacy / Iroquois League

Answer 48

A confederacy of six different tribes that was the most powerful native group in the Northeast; expanded tribes through war and conquest. Member tribes: Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora

Question 49

Treaty of Sevres

Answer 49

Following WWI, the Treaty of Sevres dissolved and divided the Ottoman Empire into territories controlled by Britain and France.

Question 50

Which of the following best describes the impact of the Age of Exploration on the economy?
Increased tariffs reinforced mercantilism.

Increase in European imports decreased European exports.

Access to new markets led to the transition from mercantilism to capitalism.

New monopolies strengthened mercantilism.

Answer 50

Access to new markets led to the transition from mercantilism to capitalism.

The economic pressures of this era led to many innovations in navigation and ship construction. This massive market expansion led to the end of mercantilism as more and more trading partners were possible. This brought the advent of capitalism.

Question 51

What was the primary reason for the growth of national markets in the US during the last half of the 19th century?

Answer 51

the expansion of the railroad system

The expansion of the railroad system in the 19th century connected large portions of the country with a quick and efficient transportation option. Instead of horse and cart, goods could be shipped by train. This greatly reduced the cost and time of transportation, leading to a huge boom in trade across the country.

Question 52

The English desire for colonies in the Americas was directly influenced by:

a
mercantilism and the creation of joint-stock companies.

b
the Civil War between the Roundheads and the Cavaliers.

c
King James signing the Magna Carta.

d
Parliament’s increasing power during the 16th and 17th centuries.

Answer 52

Option a is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Mercantilism was an economic philosophy that measured a nation’s wealth by the amount of gold it owned. In response to this philosophy, nations wanted to export more and import less (exports bring gold in, imports send gold out of the country). Nations began investing in colonies to diversify their resource production in order to maximize exports and minimize imports.

Question 53

Which TWO of the following describe Ancient African contributions to the modern world?

Select all answers that apply.

a
the first to engage in international trade

b
advancements in geometry

c
advancements in astronomy

d
advancements in architecture

Answer 53

a
the first to engage in international trade

correct
Option a is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Ancient African cultures were the first to engage in international trade.

c
advancements in astronomy

Option c is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Ancient African cultures made advancements in astronomy. In Mali, the Dogon people collected detailed astronomical observations. They catalogued data on Saturn’s rings, Jupiter’s moons, the structure of the Milky Way, and the orbit of the Sirius star system.