World History 1850 to Present

Question 1

Allied Powers of WWI

Answer 1

Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan, and the United States

Question 2

Axis Powers of WWII

Answer 2

Nazi Germany, Japan, Italy

Question 3

Ho Chi Minh

Answer 3

Communist leader of Vietnam during the Cold War era

Question 4

Appeasement

Answer 4

The failed approach by the League of Nations, led by US President Woodrow Wilson, to prevent nationalist leaders in Europe from increasing aggression, but resulted in Germany’s invasion of Poland and the beginning of World War II

Question 5

Kim Il-Sung

Answer 5

Communist leader of Korea during the Cold War era

Question 6

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Answer 6

law that banned businesses from colluding or merging to form a monopoly. Passed in 1890, the law prevented these groups from dictating, controlling, and manipulating prices in a particular market.

Question 7

The New Deal

Answer 7

A series of policies, public work projects, and financial reforms passed by Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1936 in an attempt to stimulate the economy

Social Security, unemployment benefits, FDIC

Question 8

Imperialism

Answer 8

Practice of one country taking over another

Great Britain controlling India

Question 9

Glasnost

Answer 9

Soviet Leader Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy of openness and transparency in government that encouraged citizens to discuss and seek solutions to issues within the Soviet Union; a move away from authoritarianism that is commonly considered to be a contributing factor in the fall of the Soviet Union

Question 10

Chinese Revolution

Answer 10

Began October, 1911 as a revolt led by revolutionaries in southern China against the Qing Dynasty; resulted in the Republic of China and the end of the imperial government structure. The Republic of China is now based in Taiwan and is distinct from the People’s Republic of China, which was established in 1949 and is the present communist government of mainland China.

Question 11

Vietnam War

Answer 11

1955-1975, United States intervened on the part of the non-communist regime, however, under enormous pressure from home, the United States finally pulled out of the war, allowing the North Vietnamese to easily overcome the stunted South Vietnamese army

Question 12

Al-Qaeda

Answer 12

the terrorist group responsible for funding and orchestrating of the attacks on September 11

Question 13

Russo-Japanese War

Answer 13

1904 - 1905 - A conflict between two expanding empires, Russia and Japan, fought over expansion into Manchuria and land held by the Korean Empire.

Question 14

United Nations

Answer 14

A global organization established in 1945 following World War II. Dedicated to international peace and stability.

Question 15

Truman Doctrine

Answer 15

pledge by President Truman to support any nation against communism

Question 16

Central Powers of WWI

Answer 16

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria

Question 17

Parestroika

Answer 17

Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev’s political and economic restructuring plan (1985 - 1991); commonly considered to have contributed to the fall of the Soviet Union

Question 18

Barack Obama

Answer 18

44th president of the United States; known for spearheading the passage of the Affordable Care Act, which offered an affordable health care option to millions of Americans

Question 19

Meiji Restoration

Answer 19

1868 Returned the country to emperor-led rule under Emperor Meiji and was a period of modernization for the country.

Question 20

Vladimir Lenin

Answer 20

Led the Bolshevik Party in Russia and eventually gained control to form the Soviet Union in 1922

Question 21

Communism

Answer 21

A political theory and economic system in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Vietnam

Question 22

War On Terror

Answer 22

U.S. response to the attacks on 9/11. Iraq, Iran, and North Korea were labeled the “Axis of Evil.”

Question 23

the Progressive Era

Answer 23

1897 The rapid economic expansion of the Second Industrial Revolution also led to an increase in the difference between the haves and the have-nots, as well as the growth of oligopolies and monopolies

Question 24

Albert Einstein (Historical Significance)

Answer 24

a famed scientist who left Germany during World War II and settled in the United States, he warned world leaders of the dangers of nuclear weapons

Question 25

Marshall Plan

Answer 25

An American aid plan for Western Europe after World War II.

Question 26

Matthew Perry

Answer 26

A United States Commodore who forced japan to open its economy to international trade

Question 27

Cold War

Answer 27

The period after WWII in which the United States and the Soviet Union never truly engaged in warfare, but was marked by political disagreements between the capitalist and communist countries

Question 28

Convention of Kanagawa

Answer 28

Signed in 1854, this treaty opened Japan to trade with the United States.

Question 29

Concentration Camps

Answer 29

Designated restrictive areas used in Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler to imprison those determined by the Nazis to be “racially undesirable,” in order to create a racially pure society

Question 30

Adam Smith

Answer 30

The father of capitalism. Wrote “An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations.” Argued that an invisible hand guides the economy to its greatest productivity.

Question 31

Yalta Conference of 1945

Answer 31

conference among allies to determine the plan to divide Germany after World War II

Question 32

World War II (WWII)

Answer 32

Fought from 1939-1945 between the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and Allied powers (France, Great Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union).

Question 33

Russian Revolution

Answer 33

A battle over political party power between the socialist movement (Mensheviks) and the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks) in Russia. Resulting in communist russia

Question 34

`D-Day

Answer 34

the invasion of the Allied Forces on June 6, 1944, on Normandy’s beach, marking the invasion of Europe.

Question 35

Allied Powers of WWII

Answer 35

Included the United Kingdom, France, Soviet Union, the United States, and Canada

Question 36

Fascism

Answer 36

A political philosophy that glorifies nation and often race above the individual, characterized by governmental, economic, and social regimentation usually at the hands of a dictator.

Question 37

Mexican Revolution

Answer 37

Began as a revolt against Porfirio Diaz whose 34-year term as President of Mexico violated the Mexican Constitution and resulted in a changed social and economic system with a new business class

Question 38

OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries)

Answer 38

An international organization of countries that produce the majority of the world’s oil supply. Current member states range in location from South America to central Africa with the majority of member states located in the Middle East.

Question 39

Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)

Answer 39

a terrorist organization that started under al-Qaeda and that follows the Sunni Islam doctrine

Question 40

U-Boats

Answer 40

German submarines which were used in WW I and WW II

Question 41

Mikhail Gorbachev

Answer 41

Final leader of the Soviet Union

Question 42

Berlin Airlift

Answer 42

The aerial transport of supplies to the people of West Berlin by the United States and its allies.

Question 43

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 43

Treaty signed on June 28, 1919, between the Allies and Germany, to end WWI

Question 44

Korean War

Answer 44

1950-1953. A proxy war for the cold war. North and South Korea fought for control over the entire peninsula. United States intervened on the part of the South non-communist regime. It ended in a stalemate/armistice, with the temporary division between North and South Korea becoming a permanent boundary between two separate countries.

Question 45

Pearl Harbor

Answer 45

Site of a surprise attack on the port of Pearl Harbor in Hawaii by the Japanese Navy. After, the United States had no choice but to enter the war.

Question 46

The Second Sino-Japanese War

Answer 46

A war beginning in 1937 between China and Japan that lead into their involvement in WWII, ending in 1945.

Question 47

Decolonization

Answer 47

When a settlement that has been controlled by a foreign country, often European, fights for its autonomy and independence from its mother country

The decline of colonial powers throughout Asia and Africa after World War II.

Question 48

Keynesian Economics

Answer 48

free markets can lead to economic inefficiencies and governmental intervention can lead to a stable, productive economy

Governments can stimulate the economy by reducing interest rates and investing in infrastructure.

Question 49

Supply Side Economics / Reaganomics

Answer 49

the belief that government intervention in trade should focus on increasing the ability of suppliers to produce. This policy dominated the 1980s

Governments might lower barriers to entry in markets through the reduction of regulation and taxation.

Question 50

Apartheid

Answer 50

the system of segregation and discrimination in South Africa from 1948-1994

Question 51

Nelson Mandela

Answer 51

a leader in the movement to end apartheid in South Africa; was imprisoned but later released and elected president of South Africa

Question 52

Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act

Answer 52

Tariffs passed in 1930 on over 20,000 imported goods with the intention of protecting American jobs, but resulted in decreased international trade

Question 53

Mercantilism

Answer 53

The economic idea that a country needs to amass wealth through more exporting than importing and measures wealth by the amount of gold that a nation possesses.

The British thought that colonies should provide raw goods for cheap to them (cotton) and pay for manufactured goods from them (textiles).

Question 54

Great Depression

Answer 54

A unprecedented period of worldwide economic downturn. Began in Oct. 1929 with the United States stock market crash. World War II was integral in pulling many countries out of the depression by increasing factory production

Question 55

Second Industrial Revolution

Answer 55

the unprecedented increase in economic productivity during the late 1800s. Included large leaps forward in technology with expansion of use of electricity, petroleum, and steel.

Question 56

Which of the following was part of the initial conflict that caused tensions to come to a head and begin the Cold War?

a
the establishment of the Warsaw Pact

b
the Cuban Missile Crisis

c
the Berlin Airlift

d
the Chinese invasion of Korea

Answer 56

c
the Berlin Airlift

correct
Option c is the correct answer.
Explanation:
The Berlin Airlift occurred when Western allies airlifted food and other essentials into Berlin to foil a Soviet attempt to blockade Berlin and seize control over the whole city.

Question 57

Which of the following was a revolutionary development of the Second Industrial Revolution?

a
the mechanical reaper

b
the steamship

c
the cotton gin

d
the lightbulb

Answer 57

d
the lightbulb

correct
Option d is the correct answer.
Explanation:
The first incandescent lightbulb was developed by Thomas Edison and patented in 1880 as an “electric lamp.” Edison accomplished his goals of creating a light source that was long-lasting and practical for widespread use. His electric lamp was used by homes and businesses nationwide and helped create an indoor culture since society no longer had to define time by sunrise and sunset.

Question 58

The phrase “domino effect” in the context of World War I likely refers to:

a
the speed at which countries declared war to create a global conflict.

b
the ineffective use of traditional battle formations against automatic weapons.

c
the speed at which European countries fell under Nazi control.

d
the rapid spread of fascism across Europe.

Answer 58

correct
Option a is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Within the span of a few months, between July and November of 1914, there were more than a dozen declarations of war between world powers, with nine of those in August of 1914 alone. This series of rapid and causal war declarations is often described as a “domino effect.”

Question 59

Which of the following ideologies most contributed to British expansionism and led to the establishment of the British Empire?

a
socialism

b
nationalism

c
isolationism

d
globalism

Answer 59

correct
Option b is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Nationalism is the belief that one’s country is superior to others. This ideology took hold in Britain as a result of political propaganda meant to engender civilian support for the Hundred Years’ War. The widely held belief in British superiority led to British expansionism.