World History Mid Term Study Guide Flashcards
In Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding.
Reincarnation
The totality of the good and bad deeds performed by a person, which is believed to determine his or her fate after rebirth.
Karma
A religion founded in India in the sixth century BC, whose members believe that everything in the universe has a soul and therefore should not be harmed.
Jainism
[blank] founder of Buddhism; after achieving enlightenment, he became known as [blank] and his teachings spread throughout Asia.
Siddartha Gautama
Buddha
The state of perfect wisdom in which one understands basic truths about the universe.
Moksha
The release from pain and suffering achieved after enlightenment is called [blank].
Nirvana
True or False.
Torah is the first five books of the Hebrew Bible- the most sacred writings in the Jewish tradition.
True
[blank] according to the Bible is the originator of the Jewish line of descent; according to the Quran, the ancestor of the Arabs; he had a deep devotion to and a great trust in the will of God.
Abraham
[blank] is the belief in a single god.
Monotheism
A [blank] is a mutual promise between God and the founder of the Jewish people.
Covenant
A payment made by a weaker power to a stronger power to obtain an assurance or peace and security is called [blank]
Tribute
Chinese philosopher and teacher; stressed the importance of civil and social responsibility; believed in the importance of education.
Confucius
[blank] is having respect shown by children for their parents and elders.
Filial Piety
[blank] is a system of departments and agencies formed to carry out the work of government.
Civil Service
True or False.
Daoism is a philosophy based on the ideas of the Chinese thinker Laozi, who taught that people should be guided by a universal force called the Dao which means (Way).
True
Chinese political philosophy based on the idea that a highly efficient and powerful government is the key to social order is called [blank]
Legalism
[blank] is a short-lived dynasty that replaced the Zhou Dynasty in the third century BC.
Qin Dynasty
[blank] was the first Qin ruler of China; he built institutions that helped China remain unified for almost 2,000 years.
Shi Huangdi
[blank] is a government in which the ruler has unlimited power and uses it in an arbitrary manner.
Autocracy
Explain and Describe the Trojan War.
Trojan War was a war fought during the 1200s BC where the Mycenaeans attacked the independent trading city of Troy in Anatolia.
[blank] is a Greek poet who wrote the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey, which tell stories set during and after the Trojan War.
Homer
A long narrative poem celebrating the deeds of legendary or traditional heroes is called [blank].
Epic
[blank] is a traditional story about gods, ancestors, or heroes, told to explain the natural world or the customs and beliefs of a society.
Myths
A Greek city-state, [blank] is the fundamental political unit of ancient Greece after about 750 BC.
polis
True or False
An Acropolis is a fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city.
True
This form of government in which power is in the hands of a single person is called [blank].
dictatorship
{blank] is a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility.
aristocracy
[blank] is a government in which power is in the hands of a few people- especially one in which rule is based upon wealth.
oligarchy
In ancient Greece, a [blank] is a powerful individual who gained control of a city-state’s government by appealing to the poor for support.
tyrant
Explain and Describe the Similarities and Differences between a Democracy and a Direct Democracy.
xxxxx
Explain and Describe the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars.
xxxx
[blank] is a thinker who uses logic and reason to investigate the nature of the universe, human society, and morality.
philosopher
True or False
Socrates was a Greek philosopher of Athens; his teaching style was based on asking questions. He wanted people to question their own beliefs. He was arrested and condemned to death for challenging authority.
True
Greek philosopher, [blank] was a student of Socrates, he started a school in Athens called the Academy.
Plato
Greek philosopher and student of Plato, [blank] taught that logic was the tool for any necessary inquiry.
Aristotle
This king of Macedonia conquered Greece in the 300s BC and was the father of Alexander the Great is known as [blank]
Philip
[blank] was an ancient kingdom north of Greece, whose ruler Philip II conquered Greece in 338 BC.
Macedonia
[blank] was the King of Macedonia and conqueror of much of Asia; he is considered one of the greatest generals of all time.
Alexander the Great
True or False
Darius III was a Persian king who was defeated by Alexander the Great.
True
True or False
Hellenistic culture relates to the civilization, language, art, science, and literature of the Greek world from the reign of Alexander the Great to the late second century BC.
True
An Egyptian city that became the foremost center of Hellenistic civilization is called [blank]
Alexandria
[blank] is a form of government in which power is in the hand of representatives and leaders are elected by citizens who have the right to vote
Democracy
True or False
A Plebeian in ancient Rome is one of the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up most of the population.
True
[blank] is an official elected by the plebeians to protect their rights.
Tribune
A [blank] is one of the two powerful officials elected each year to command the army and direct the government.
consul
[blank] is the supreme governing body, originally made up of only aristocrats.
Senate
[blank] is a political leader given absolute power to make laws and command the army for a limited time.
Dictator
A military unit of the ancient Roman army, made up of about 5,000-foot soldiers and a group of soldiers on horseback is called [blank]
Legion
Explain and Describe the Punic Wars
The Punic Wars were wars fought between ancient Rome and Carthage, a powerful city-state in North Africa. “Punic” comes from the place named Phoenicia, whose people were ancestors of the Carthaginians.
Who was Julius Caesar and what were his accomplishments?
Julius Caesar Roman general, statesman, and historian who invaded Britain (55) crushed the army of his political enemy Pompey (48), pursued other enemies to Egypt, where he installed Cleopatra as queen (47), returned to Rome, and was given a mandate by the people to rule as dictator for life (45). On March 15 of the following year, he was murdered by a group of republicans led by Cassius and Brutus, who feared he intended to establish a monarchy ruled by himself.
[blank] is a group of three leaders sharing control of the government.
Triumvirate
[blank] was the first emperor of Rome; he established the second triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus.
Octavian
A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire lasting from 27 BC to AD 180 is called [blank]
Pax Romana
[blank] is the oldest living male of a Roman family who served as the powerful head of the family.
patriarch
True or False
Inflation is the decline in the value of money, accompanied by a rise in the prices of goods and services.
True
The Roman emperor from 284 to 305 by the name of [blank] divided the Roman Empire into eastern and western halves.
Diocletian
[blank] is the capital city of the eastern Roman empire; formerly the Greek city of Byzantium and today the Turkish city of Istanbul.
Constantinople
True or False
King of the Huns from 434 to 453; Siddharta Guatama invaded parts of the Roman Empire, devastating the Balkan countries and northern Greece when promised tribute was not paid.
False
True or False
Greco-Roman culture is an ancient culture that developed from a blending of American, Hellenistic, and Roman cultures.
False
True or False
A Sewage system is a pipeline or channel built to carry water to populated areas.
False (aqueduct)
True or False
The Gupta Empire was the second empire in India and was founded by Chandra Gupta I in AD 420.
False
Explain and Describe the differences between Patriarchal and Matriarchal.
Patriarchal families were led by the oldest living male. Matriarchal families were led by the oldest living female.
[blank] was the first empire in India, founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 321 BC.
Mauryan
Mauryan emperor, [blank] is one of the greatest rulers of ancient India, he brought nearly all of India under one authority for the first time in history.
Chandra Gupta II
What are some benefits of religious toleration?
Religious tolerance allows cultural blending(?)
A sect of Buddhism that offers salvation to all and allows popular worship.
Mahayana
A sect of Buddhism focusing on the strict spiritual discipline originally advocated by the Buddha.
Theravada
A Hindu god considered the creator of the world.
Brahma
A Hindu god considered the preserver of the world.
Vishnu
A Hindu god considered the destroyer of the world.
Shiva
A vast network of caravan routes so named because traders used them to bring silk from China to western Asia and then on to Rome is called [blank]
Silk Road
Chinese dynasty that ruled from 202 BC to AD 9 and again from AD 23 to 220 was the [blank]
Han Dynasty
The adoption of a conqueror’s culture by a conquered people is called [blank]
assimilation
God (an Arabic word, used mainly in Islam) is [blank]
Allah
True or False
The prophet Abraham of Islam whom Muslims recognize as Allah’s messenger to all humankind. His teachings form the basis of Islam.
False
[blank] is a monotheistic religion that developed in Arabia in the seventh century AD.
Islam
True or False
A follower of Islam is called an Ottoman.
False
Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) in AD 622 is called [blank]
Hijrah
What is the difference between a Mosque, Church, Synagogue/Temple?
They are all places of worship but from different religions. Mosque (Islam), Church (Christianity/Catholicism), Synagogue/Temple (Jewish)
What are the 5 Pillars of Islam?
Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, Pilgrimage
Explain the Differences and Similarities between the Torah, Bible, and Quran, Holy book of Islam.
They are all holy books, but they are just from different religions and have different parts of such religions.
[blank] is an Islamic model for living, based on the life and teachings of Muhammad.
Sunna
[blank] is a body of law governing the lives of Muslims.
Shari’a
A supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government is called a [blank]
caliph
This branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad [blank]
Shi’a
[blank] is the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad
Sunni
A [blank] is a Muslim who seeks to achieve direct contact with God through mystical means.
Sufi
The [blank] empire/ dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from AD 750 to 1258.
Abbasids
True or False
House of Wisdom is a center of learning established in Baghdad in the 800s.
True
The art of beautiful handwriting is called [blank]
calligraphy
[blank] is a warrior for Islam.
Ghazi
True or False
You are known or called a Muslim if you are a follower of Osman, the leader who founded a small Muslim state in Anatolia between 1300 and 1326.
False
[blank] is an “overlord”, or “one with power”; title for Ottoman rulers during the rise of the Ottoman Empire.
Sultan
[blank] was a rebellious warrior and conqueror from Samarkand who crushed the Ottoman forces at the battle of Ankara in 1402 and halted the Ottomans expansion.
Timur the Lame
Sultan [blank] of the Ottoman Empire from 1444 to 1446 and again from 1451 to 1481; he was a strong military leader who conquered the Byzantine capital of Constantinople.
Mehmed II
Sultan [blank] of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566; he expanded the empire and took on a large economic and political role in the affairs of Europe and the Mediterranean.
Suleyman the Lawgiver
[blank] is the Ottoman Empire, the policy of taking boys from conquered Christian peoples to be trained as Muslim soldiers.
Devshirme
A [blank] is a member of an elite force of soldiers in the Ottoman Empire.
Janissary
Explain and Discuss the Ottoman and Safavid Empires.
The Ottoman Empire started quite small with few following but eventually grew due to conquering. The Safavid Empire took a bit of inspiration from the Ottoman Empire but evidently fell due to one of the emperors killing future potential emperors.
True or False
Shah is a hereditary monarch of Iran.
True
True or False
Abbas was Shah of the Safavid Empire in Persia from 1588 to 1629; his military victories against the Ottomans and skilled administration brought about a golden age in Safavid history.
True
True or False
Cairo was named the new capital of the Safavid Empire and was built by Shah Abbas.
False
Esfahan
