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Chemistry Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

When sharing of electrons occurs, the attachment between atoms that results is called a…

A

Covalent bond

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2
Q

When such an attachment is formed, bond dissociation energy is released, and the process is..

A

exhotermic

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3
Q

When two or more atoms bond by means of electron sharing, the resulting particle is called a

A

molecule

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4
Q

If the electrons shared are centered between the two atoms, the attachment is called a

A

sigma bond

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5
Q

If the sharing involves the overlap of parallel orbitals, the attachment is called a

A

pi bond

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6
Q

How many electrons are shared in a double covalent bond?

A

four

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7
Q

Bond length is the distance between

A

the nuclei of two attached atoms

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8
Q

Which of the following relationships relating to bond length is generally correct?

A

the shorter the bond, the stronger the bond

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9
Q

Binary molecular compounds are generally composed of a metal and a nonmetal.

A

false

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10
Q

The second element in the formula of a binary compound is named using the
suffix -ite.

A

false

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11
Q

The prefix tetra- indicates three atoms.

A

false

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12
Q

The prefix hexa- indicates six atoms.

A

true

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13
Q

In naming the first element in a formula, the prefix mono- is not used.

A

true

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14
Q

For binary acids, the hydrogen part of the compound is named using the prefix
hydro-.

A

true

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15
Q

An oxyacid contains only two elements.

A

false

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16
Q

If the name of the anion of an oxyacid ends in -ate, the acid name contains the
suffix -ous.

A

false

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17
Q

CO

A

carbon monoxide

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18
Q

CO2

A

carbon dioxide

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19
Q

H2CO3

A

carbonic acid

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20
Q

NH3

A

ammonia

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21
Q

N2O4

A

Dinitrogen tetroxide

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22
Q

HNO2

A

Nitrous acid

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23
Q

HNO3

A

nitric acid

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24
Q

HBr

A

hyrdobromic acid

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25
HBrO3
bromic acid
26
A structural formula shows the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule.
true
27
The central atom in a molecule is the one with the highest electron affinity.
false
28
In molecules, hydrogen is always a terminal atom.
true
29
The number of bonding pairs in a molecule is equal to the number of electrons.
true
30
To find the total number of electrons available for bonding in a positive ion, you should add the ion charge to the total number of valence electrons of the atoms present.
false
31
The electrons in a coordinate covalent bond are donated by both the bonded atoms.
false
32
Resonance occurs when more than one valid Lewis structure can be written for a molecule.
true
33
Nitrate is an example of an ion that forms resonance structures.
true
34
The carbon dioxide molecule contains two double bonds.
true
35
All electrons in an atom are available for bonding.
false
36
In the sulfate ion (SO42−), 32 electrons are available for bonding.
true
37
When carbon and oxygen bond, the molecule contains ten pairs of bonding electrons.
false
38
Odd number of valence electrons
NO
39
. Fewer than 8 electrons around an atom
SF6
40
More than 8 electrons around central atom
O3
41
More than one valid Lewis structure
BF3
42
The VSEPR model is used mainly to
determine molecular shape
43
The bond angle is the angle between
two terminal atoms and the central atom.
44
The VSEPR model is based on the idea that
shared and unshared electron pairs repel each other as much as possible.
45
The shape of a molecule whose central atom has four pairs of bonding electrons is
tetrahedral
46
The shape of a molecule that has two covalent single bonds and no lone pairs on the central atom is6
linear
47
The shape of a molecule that has three single covalent bonds and one lone pair on the central atom is
trigonal pyramidal.
48
The formation of new orbitals from a combination or rearrangement of valence electrons is called
hybridization
49
The orbitals that are produced in this way are ________________________ to one another
identical
50
An example of an element that commonly undergoes such formation is
methane
51
When this atom combines its three p orbitals and its one s orbital, the orbitals that result are called ____________________ orbitals.
sp3
52
An example of a molecule that has this type of orbital is
carbon
53
What is the meaning of the term electronegativity?
electronegativity is the relative ability of an element's atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
54
Which element has the highest electronegativity? What is the numerical value? What are the name and group number of the chemical family that has the highest overall electronegativities?
Fluorine (F) w/ 3.98. In the nonmetal familiy (group 17) it has the highest overall electronegatives.
55
Which element has the lowest electronegativity? What is the numerical value? What are the name and group number of the chemical family that has the lowest overall electronegativities?
Francium (Fr) w/ 0.7. In the metal family (group 1) it has the lowest overall electronegatives.
56
What general trend in electronegativity do you note going down a group? Across a period?
Going down a group, its numerical value decreases. Across a group, it decreases
57
How are the electronegativity values used to determine the type of bond that exists between two atoms?
you subtract the values.
58
Ionic compounds are usually soluble in polar substances.
true
59
In a covalent molecular compound, the attraction between molecules tends to be strong.
false
60
Unequal sharing of electrons between two bonded atoms always indicates
a polar covalent bond.
61
When electronegativities of two bonded atoms differ greatly, the bond is
ionic
62
What is the electronegativity difference that usually is the dividing line between covalent and ionic bonds?
1.7
63
Where is the symbol “sygma” placed next to?
the less electronegative atom in a polar covalent bond
64
A nonpolar covalent bond is one in which
electrons are shared equally
65
Molecules containing only polar covalent bonds
may or may not be polar.
66
What factor other than electronegativity determines whether a molecule as a whole is polar or not?
its geometry
67
Which of the following correctly describes the compound water, H2O?
polar overall, with nonpolar covalent bonds
68
Which of the following correctly describes the compound carbon tetrachloride, CCl4?
nonpolar overall, with polar covalent bonds
69
A molecule of ammonia, NH3, is
polar because there is an electronegativity difference and the molecule is trigonal pyramidal

Manu (18 decks)

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