Matter - Properties and Changes

Question 1

States of Matter

Answer 1

The physical forms in which all matter naturally exists on Earth - most commonly as solid, liquid, or gas.

Question 2

solid

Answer 2

a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume, is incompressible and expands only slightly when heated.

Question 3

liquid

Answer 3

a form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape of its container.

Question 4

gas

Answer 4

a form of matter that flows to conform to the shape of its container, fills the container’s entire volume, and is easily compressed.

Question 5

vapor

Answer 5

gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or a solid at room temperature.

Question 6

physical property

Answer 6

a characteristic of matter that can be observed or measure without changing the sample’s composition.

Question 7

extensive property

Answer 7

a physical property, such as mass, length, and volume, that is dependent upon the amount of substance present.

Question 8

intensive property

Answer 8

a physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present.

Question 9

chemical property

Answer 9

the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances.

Question 10

physical change

Answer 10

a type of change that alters the physical properties of a substance but does not change its composition.

Question 11

phase change

Answer 11

a transition of matter from one state to another

Question 12

chemical change

Answer 12

a process involving one or more substances changing into new substances; also called a chemical reaction.

Question 13

law of conservation of mass

Answer 13

states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction but is conserved.

Question 14

mixture

Answer 14

a physical blend of two or more pure substances in any proportion in which each substances retains its individual properties.

Question 15

heterogenous mixture

Answer 15

one that does not have uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct.

Question 16

homogeneous mixture

Answer 16

one that has a uniform composition throughout and always has a single phase; also called a solution

Question 17

solution

Answer 17

a uniform mixture that can contain solids, liquids, or gases

Question 18

filtration

Answer 18

a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid

Question 19

distillation

Answer 19

a technique that can be used to physically separate most homogeneous mixtures based on the differences in the boiling points of the substances.

Question 20

crystallization

Answer 20

a separation technique that produces pure solid particles of a substance from a solution that contains the dissolved substance.

Question 21

sublimation

Answer 21

the energy-requiring process by which a solid changes directly to a gas without first becoming a liquid.

Question 22

chromatography

Answer 22

a technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of a fixed substrate.

Question 23

element

Answer 23

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means.

Question 24

periodic table

Answer 24

a chart that organizes all known elements into a grid or horizontal rows (periods) and vertical columns (groups or families) arranged by increasing atomic number.

Question 25

compound

Answer 25

a chemical combination of two or more different elements; can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means and has properties different from those of its component elements.

Question 26

law of definite proportions

Answer 26

states that, regardless of the amount. a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass.

Question 27

percent by mass

Answer 27

a percentage determined by the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound.

Question 28

law of multiple proportions

Answer 28

states that when different compounds are formed by the combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same fixed mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers.