World Civilizations: Luther Leads the Reformation Flashcards
What movement caused people to question the authority and practices of the church, beginning the reformation?
The renaissance
What four categories were reformed during the reformation?
Social
Economic
Political
What were the main criticisms of the Catholic Church?
Selling of indulgences Popes getting married and having kids Poorly educated priests Corrupt leaders Merchants resented paying church tax Priests were gambling and drinking
What were the names of two early reformers who were killed for their outcries?
Jan Hus and John Wycliffe
Why did Luther create his 95 theses and what did he do with it?
- Protested the selling of indulgences by friar Johann Tetzel, who was raising money to rebuild St. Peter’s church in Rome
- Created his 95 theses naming all the things wrong with the church
What is an indulgence?
A pardon releasing a person from penalty for a sin
Who did Martin Luther attack during his 95 Theses?
“Pardon Merchants”
What was the reformation?
A movement for religious reform
What were Luther’s three main teachings?
- People can win salvation by good works and faith
- Christian teachings must be based on the Bible, not the pope
- All people with faith are equal and can interpret bible without priests
Which Pope threatened to excommunicate Luther if he did not take back his statements against the church?
Leo X
What was Martin Luther originally supposed to become?
A lawyer
What was Martin Luther?
A monk and teacher
Where did Luther teach?
Wittenburg, his home town in Germany in the state of Saxony
Who created the Edict of Worms and what did it declare?
Charles V, it declared Luther a heretic and nobody was to give him food or shelter
What was the name for the followers of Luther?
Lutherans
What occurred during the Peasant’s Revolt?
- Inspired by the reformation Serfs revolt
- Princes crush revolt, 100,000 people are killed
What was Luther’s stance on the Peasants Revolt?
He encouraged the princes to crush the revolt, he lost followers because of this
What was the name for German princes who sided with Luther?
Protestants
What treaty ended fighting between German Princes and the Church, and what did it state?
The Peace of Ausburg ended fighting and allowed German princes to decide the religion of their people
What did pope Henry VIII want badly enough to divorce his wife?
A son
Who was Henry VIII first wife?
Catherine of Aragon
Who did Henry VIII want to marry after his first divorce?
Anne Boleyn
Which pope admitted to fathering several children?
Alexander VI
What title was given to Henry VIII by the pope for his efforts to combat Luther’s ideas?
Protector of the faith
Who was Henry VIII’s third wife?
Jane Seymour
Who did Henry appoint as head advisor?
Thomas Wosley, a cardinal
What did the act of supremacy allow?
- Broke England away from the Catholic Church
- Allowed the king to become the leader of the English Church
- Allowed Henry to have his divorce
Who was the man behind the act of supremecy?
Thomas Cromwell
What was the name of the English Church?
The Anglican Church
Who were Henry’s children who ruled?
Edward VI
Mary: Returned England to Catholicism
Elizabeth I: Restored Protestantism
What were the main traits of the Church of England?
Priests could marry
Only legal church
Sermons delivered in English
Catholic services were held
Which rulers threatened the throne of Elizabeth I?
Her cousin Mary, Queen of the Scots
Philipp II, King of Spain
What problems did Elizabeth I face?
Lack of money
Pushback from protestants who wanted more reform
Catholics wanted to overthrow her
