World Civilizations: Formations in Western Europe

Question 1

What were the problems that the church faced?

Answer 1

• Church officials were marrying
• Lay investiture was being practiced
• Officials were practicing simony

Question 2

What is simony?

Answer 2

The selling of church positions

Question 3

What did the church do to fix these problems?

Answer 3

• Pope organizes the Church like a kingdom
• Pope’s advisors begin to make laws
• Church diplomats travel across Europe
• Church begins taxing it’s people and collecting tithes, with these taxes they begin to care for the poor and the sick

Question 4

In what style were early Cathedrals built in?

Answer 4

Romanesque

Question 5

What style were Cathedrals built in during the age of faith?

Answer 5

Gothic

Question 6

Why were cathedrals given such an upgrade?

Answer 6

To show off the church’s immense wealth and power

Question 7

What did stained glass windows in a church do?

Answer 7

Depicted stories so illiterate followers could understand some bible stories

Question 8

What ignited the Crusades?

Answer 8

A byzantine emperor sent a letter to the Pope asking for help fighting against the Turks

Question 9

Which pope called for the crusades?

Answer 9

Pope Urban II

Question 10

Why were the crusades called for?

Answer 10

To reclaim the holy land and to unite christianity

Question 11

Why did people join the crusade effort?

Answer 11

• They believe it will secure them a place in heaven
• They seek riches and adventure
• Quarreling knights no longer fight against each other
• Merchants invest for trade
• Younger sons who will not inherit anything seek riches and land

Question 12

What occurred during and after the first crusade? Was it a success?

Answer 12

• Three armies march from Constantinople to Jerusalem
• 650 miles of land is captured including Jerusalem
• Afterwards Muslims under the command of Saladin retake Jerusalem and drive out the crusaders
• It is considered to be the only successful crusade

Question 13

What occurred during later crusades?

Answer 13

Crusaders loot Constantinople and Cairo Egypt, didn’t affect the Muslims

Question 14

What was the Reconquista?

Answer 14

An effort by the Spanish to drive out the Muslims

Question 15

Who were the Moors?

Answer 15

Muslims who lived in Spain

Question 16

What was the inquisition?

Answer 16

A court used to find and destroy heresy, utilized during the reconquista, heretics could be burned at the stake

Question 17

What were the results of the crusades?

Answer 17

• Showed the power of the Church
• Merchants expanded trade into Southwest Asia
• Failure of crusades weakened the power of the Pope, strengthened the power of kings
• Created a lasting conflict in the Middle East
• Feudalism is dissolved

Question 18

Why did the crusades fail?

Answer 18

Lack of:
A common leader
Supplies
Preparation
Food
Knowledge of climate

Question 19

Who led the third crusade and what happened?

Answer 19

• Philip II, of France
• Richard the Lion-Hearted, of England
• Frederick I, of Germany
• Tried to retake Jerusalem, fighting against Muslim leader Saladin
• Philip II left, Frederick drowned, Richard decided to sign a treaty that allowed unarmed Christians to visit the Holy Land