Honors Physics Flashcards
Define Momentum
Momentum is the tendency for an object to continue it’s motion until it is affected by another force
What is impulse?
Impulse=Change in momentum
Vector Quanity vs Scalar
Vector includes direction, as well as speed
What is the law of conservation of momentum?
The amount of momentum between two objects before a collision is equivalent to the amount afterwards.
What is momentum measured in?
KG x M/s
What is impulse measured in?
Ns(Newton Seconds)
What is force measured in?
Newtons
What is work?
The product of displacement and force
What is power?
The amount of work done over time
What is work measured in?
Joules
What is power measured in?
Watts
Define potential energy
The amount of energy an object posses while above y=0 or stagnant on a spring
What is potential energy measured in?
Joules
What is the work energy theorem?
The work done on an object by a force equals the change in kinetic energy of the object.
What is Hooke’s law?
That every spring posses a constant, the stiffness of the spring, the spring constant.
What is the conservation of energy theorem?
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but conserved
What is harmonic motion?
Harmonic Motion: A periodic motion where an object vibrates about an equilibrium position. The restoring force is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium.
What is the only factors that affects the period of a pendulum?
Length (square root) and gravity(inverse)
What is kinetic energy?
The energy an object possesses because of it’s motion
What is the difference between a transverse and longitudinal wave?
Transverse waves travel vertical while longitudinal waves travel horizontal.
What is the value of Earth’s gravity?
-9.8m/s²
What is natural frequency?
The frequency an object tends to vibrate at
What is resonance?
A phenomenon that occurs when an object is forced to vibrate at it’s natural frequency, this can result in a dramatic increase in amplitude
What is the doppler effect?
The perceived change in pitch of a source due to it’s movement
What creates sound?
Vibration
What does the speed of sound depend on?
Medium
What does the loudness of a sound depend on?
Amplitude of the sound wave
What does the pitch of a sound depend on?
The frequency of the sound wave
When do standing waves occur?
When waves of identical frequencies interfere with each other while traveling in opposite directions on the same medium
What are beats?
Beats occur when two sounds with similar frequencies interfere, this results in alternating quiet and loud sounds. The beat frequency is always the difference between the two frequencies of the waves.
What are mechanical and electromagnetic waves?
Mechanical waves need a medium to travel while electromagnetic don’t
What is frequency measured in?
Hertz
What is superposition?
The displacement of a medium caused by 2 or more waves.
What is light?
A rang of frequencies on the electromagnetic spectrum that stimulate the eye
How fast does light travel?
3x10⁸
What are the frequencies on the electromagnetic spectrum?
Radio Micro Infrared Visible Ultraviolet Xray Gamma
What is the law of reflection?
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
What is refraction?
When light changes mediums
What type of image does a convex mirror produce?
Virtual: Car mirror
What type of image does a convex lens produce?
Virtual+Real: The eye, microscope
What type of image does a concave mirror produce?
Virtual+Real: Make up mirror
What type of image does a concave lens produce?
Virtual: Glasses, hotel peephole
What type of image does a plane mirror produce?
Virtual: Bathroom mirror
What are the primary colors of pigments and what they create?
Red Green Blue/Cyan Magenta Yellow
What color is made when you add all of the colors of light together?
White
What color is made when you add all of the pigments together?
Black
What is K equivalent to according to Coulomb’s law?
K=9x10⁹
What do like charges produce?
+Force, Repulsive
What do opposite charges produce?
-Force, Attractive
What are the 4 factors that affect resistance?
- Length of wire (increases, increases resistance)
- Cross sectional area (increases, decreases resistance)
- Temperature (increases, increases resistance)
- Material(conductor decreases resistance, insulator increases resistance)
What is Ohm’s law?
Ohm’s law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points.(V=IR)
What is current?
The flow of electrons
Define resistance
The hindrance of the flow of electrons in a current
What is voltage measured in?
Volts
What is current measured in?
Amps
What is resistance measured in?
Ω(Ohms)
What direction does current travel?
From the + terminal to the -
What factors affect the period of a spring and how?
Spring constant: inversely
Mass: Square root
What is the spring constant(k) measured in?
N/m
What does the spring constant represent?
The stiffness of the spring
